Table 2.

Inflammatory skin diseases in human immunodeficiency virus

Inflammatory diseases in HIV	Clinical presentation
Seborrheic dermatitis	Seborrheic dermatitis can affect up to 85% of the HIV-positive population Presence of SD could indicate rapid progression of HIV It may occur at any CD4 cell count, (>500 cells/mm3) but usually becomes extensive and refractory as CD4 cell counts decline (<100 cells/mm3) Progression to erythroderma is known in HIV-positive patients HAART therapy can lead to significant improvement in the severity of disease
Psoriasis	Psoriasis affects up of 2% of the HIV population Psoriasis in HIV patients tends to be more severe, acral, extensive, destructive, and recalcitrant It may be a poor prognostic indicator for HIV-positive patients Higher prevalence of psoriatic arthritis in HIV patients HAART regimens containing antiretroviral drugs such as zidovudine, emtricitabine, tenofovir, atazanavir, and ritonavir are found to be successful in treating psoriasis in HIV patients
Reiter’s syndrome	Clinical severity, including increased incidence of incapacitating arthritis pose special problems in therapeutic management of Reiter’s disease Only one-third of RS in AIDS patients presented with prior genital or enteric infection
PPE of HIV	One of the earliest manifestations of HIV seen in 25%–50% of patients PPE is regardedas a cutaneous marker of advanced HIV (CD4 <50/mm3) It can also present as IRIS
EF	EF is seen in the late stage of HIV commonly at CD4 cell count below 250 cells/mm3, thus it may be considered as an important marker of HIV Eosinophilia, leucocytosis, and elevated IgE levels areoften present

HIV=Human immunodeficiency virus; HAART=Highly active antiretroviral therapy; PPE=Pruritic papular eruption; EF=Eosinophilic folliculitis; IgE=Immunoglobulin E; RS=Reiter’s syndrome; SD=Seborrheic dermatitis; IRIS=Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome