Table 2.
The summary of animal and clinical studies regarding anti-hyperlipidemic effects of nettle and related mechanisms
| Type of Study | Type of animal | Dosage of Nettle Extract | Duration of Study | Induction of hyperlipidemia | Main Outcomes | Mechanisms | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Animal | rat | 100 mg/kg | 10 days | Diet with increased fat content (30%) |
↓Hypertriglyceridemia, ↓lipoperoxidation |
(52) | |
| rat | 100 or 300 mg/kg | 4 weeks | 10 ml/kg/day of a cocktail (1 L peanut oil, 100 g cholesterol, 30 g propylthiouracil,100 g cholic acid) | hypocholesterolemic effects | (53) | ||
| rat | 150 mg/kg/day | 30 days | diet enriched with coconut oil as 5% w/w |
↓cholesterol, LDL, and LDL/HDL ratio ↓blood lipid profile |
(54) | ||
| rat | 15% (w/w) | 4 weeks | ↓lipid profile | (55) | |||
| rat | 1.25 g/kg | 4 weeks |
↓cholesterol ↑HDL |
(57) | |||
| rat | triple mixture of 200 mg/kg/day | 4 weeks | ↓LDL, TG | (58) | |||
| rat | 100 mg/kg/day | 28 days |
↓serum cholesterol, LDL, LDL/HDL ratio, and TG ↑HDL |
improving lipid metabolism | (56) | ||
| Human | ___ | 5 ml TDS | 8 weeks | ___ |
↓TG ↑HDL |
(59) | |
| ___ | 100 mg/kg/day | 8 weeks | ___ |
↓atherogenic indexes and TG ↑HDL |
(46) | ||
| ___ | 8 weeks | ___ | ↑HDL | (60) | |||
| ___ | 1g TDS | 12 weeks | ___ | ↓mean total cholesterol and mean serum TG | oxidation of fatty acids via activating PPAR | (61) | |
| ___ | 8 mg/day | 8 weeks | ___ | ↓body fat percentage | ↓hs-CRP and Apelin | (62) |
PPAR: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor