Temperature changes during different stages in vanilla curing at Tulungagung. Stages: A, autoclaving; OS, open sunning; CS, closed sunning; Sw, sweating; R, rack drying; C, conditioning (see Fig. 1). Measured minimum and maximum temperatures are indicated by a line; a solid circle indicates the average temperature. For stages in which a temperature gradient is formed, a solid circle represents the average temperature of the beans at the middle of the sweating box (for Sw) or beans directly exposed to sunlight (for OS and CS), while an open box represents the average temperature of beans at the outside of the sweating box or of the underlying beans, respectively.