FIGURE 4.

NR+Caff decreases bioenergetic functions in fibroblasts. (a–c) calculated values of OCR (a), ECAR (b), and metabolic potentials ([stressed OCR or ECAR/baseline OCR or ECAR] x 100%)) (c). Data are from YC (n = 17, average age 37), OC (n = 11, average age 66), and LOAD (n = 10, average age 71) fibroblasts and plotted as percent change after treatment with NR+Caff for 24 h. (d) the same data as shown in (a–c) plotted as percent change LOAD/YC, LOAD/OC, and OC/YC in untreated and NR+Caff treatment conditions. Data are means ± SEM from two repeat experiments. *p < 0.1; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01 using one‐way ANOVA, depicting significant changes between treated and untreated cells or groups