Table 2.

Summary of the current anti-miRNAs that are being tested due to their possible therapeutic effects in the context of intestinal inflammation and infection

Anti-miRNA	Model tested	Effect	Ref.
Anti-miR-31	TNBS-induced colitis	Restores colonic IL-25 expression and blocks Th1/Th17 responses	44
Anti-miR-30c + anti-miR-130a	In vitro	Restores functional autophagy resulting in more effective clearance of intracellular bacteria	92
Anti-miR-155	DSS-induced colitis IL-10 knockout In vitro	Alleviation of colitis due to the restoration of SHIP-1 Downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines Regulation of Th17/Treg cell balance	105,108,155
Anti-miR-128	In vitro Mouse infection model	Increases macrophage recruitment and suppresses Salmonella infection	106
Anti-miR-665	DSS-induced colitis	Inhibition of apoptosis and restoration of phagocytosis functions, impairing induced colitis	97
Anti-miR-106b + anti-miR-93	In vitro	Restoration of autophagy process	93
Anti-miR-223	TNBS-induced colitis	Restoration of Claudin 8 levels, improvement of barrier function and alleviation of colitis	80

TNBS, 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid; DSS, dextran sulphate sodium.