Table 2.

Outcomes measures hierarchy using a case of dystocia in an antelope that requires surgical intervention.

Outcome measure	Qualifier	Outcome example
1. Health status achieved or retained	Survival	Mortality rate associated with Caesarian section
	Degree of recovery	Reproductive tract intact post-surgery
2. Process of Recovery	Time to recovery and return to normal activity	Assimilation back into herd
	Disutility of care or the treatment process (e.g., diagnostic errors, ineffective care, complications, adverse events, pain/discomfort during treatment, duration of hospital stay)	Surgical site dehiscence; post-operative infection; horn fracture or secondary injury as a result of hospitalization/confinement; prolonged hospitalization,
3. Sustainability of health (patient or population)	Sustainability of health or recovery and nature of recurrences	Aggression from herd when re-introduced; repeat dystocia with subsequent pregnancy
	Long-term consequences of treatment	Ability to deliver live calf and raise it without intervention; genetic diversity maintained in a given population