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Hypothetical pathways for synthesis and detoxification of MG in C. beijerinckii and C. difficile. DHAP is converted either to MG by MG synthase (Mgs), releasing inorganic phosphate (Pi), or to DHA by a cellular phosphatase. DHA either is reduced to glycerol by glycerol dehydrogenase (GldA) or is converted spontaneously to MG. The latter is detoxified by reduction to HA by a hypothetical MG reductase; HA is reduced to 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD) by glycerol dehydrogenase.
