Table 2.
Descriptive statistics and bivariate association between potential predictors and willingness to participate in contact tracing [N = 1000] (Categorical variables)
| Characteristic | Frequency (%) | Mann Whitney U/ Kruskal Wallis testsb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median (IQR)a | U/H-Statistics | dfc | z | p-value | ||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Gender | 206,062 | 1 | −1.478 | 0.139 | ||
| Males | 48.0% | 4.3 (6.0–3.0) | ||||
| Female | 52.0% | 4.7 (6.0–3.7) | ||||
| Race/Ethnicity | 95,173 | 1 | 2.797 | 0.005 | ||
| White | 83.7% | 4.3 (6.0–3.0) | ||||
| Black | 16.3% | 5.0 (6.0–4.0) | ||||
| Education | 9.26 | 2 | – | 0.010 | ||
| College graduate or higher | 30.0% | 5.0 (6.0–3.7) | ||||
| Some college | 29.7% | 4.7 (6.0–3.3) | ||||
| High school graduate or less | 40.3% | 4.0 (6.0–3.0) | ||||
| Information seeking | ||||||
| Thinking about what is said in the news, in your view is the seriousness of coronavirus….? | 237.01 | 2 | <.0001 | |||
| Generally, correct | 43.8% | 5.0 (6.3–4.0) | ||||
| Generally exaggerated | 34.4% | 3.0 (4.3–1.0) | ||||
| Generally underestimated | 21.8% | 5.3 (6.7–4.0) | ||||
| Thinking about some of the ways you get information about the coronavirus outbreak, would you say that you get information from each of the following sources… [Range 1 = Never; 4 = Regularly] | ||||||
| Health care providers | 11.1591 | 2 | – | 0.004 | ||
| Never, or rarely | 61.7% | 4.3 (6.0–3.0) | ||||
| Occasionally | 27.8% | 5.0 (6.0–4.0) | ||||
| Regularly | 10.5% | 5.0 (6.0–3.0) | ||||
| Social media | 5.9814 | 2 | – | 0.050 | ||
| Never, or rarely | 47.9% | 4.3 (6.0–3.3) | ||||
| Occasionally | 32.0% | 4.3 (6.0–3.0) | ||||
| Regularly | 20.1% | 5.0 (6.3–4.0) | ||||
| Health insurance provider | 11.1662 | 2 | – | 0.004 | ||
| Never, or rarely | 71.4% | 4.3 (6.0–3.7) | ||||
| Occasionally | 21.5% | 5.0 (6.0–3.7) | ||||
| Regularly | 7.0% | 5.3 (6.3–4.0) | ||||
| Regardless of how often you get information from these sources, how much do you trust information provided about the coronavirus outbreak by each of the following? [Range 1 = Not at all, 7 = a great deal] | ||||||
| Healthcare providers? | 92.4959 | 2 | – | <.0001 | ||
| Not at all, or only a little | 18.8% | 4.0 (4.7–2.0) | ||||
| A moderate amount | 23.1% | 4.0 (6.0–3.3) | ||||
| Quite a bit or a great deal | 58.1% | 5.3 (6.3–3.7) | ||||
| Family and Friends | 13.3238 | 2 | – | 0.0013 | ||
| Not at all, or only a little | 28.7% | 4.0 (5.3–3.0) | ||||
| A moderate amount | 41.1% | 5.0 (6.0–3.7) | ||||
| Quite a bit or a great deal | 30.2% | 4.7 (6.3–3.3) | ||||
| Insurance providers | 89.8981 | 2 | – | <.0001 | ||
| Not at all, or only a little | 36.0% | 4.0 (5.3–2.0) | ||||
| A moderate amount | 34.8% | 4.7 (6.0–3.3) | ||||
| Quite a bit or a great deal | 29.2% | 5.7 (6.7–4.3) | ||||
| Trust/ Mistrust | ||||||
| I think the federal government has an agenda that’s causing them not to give the whole story to the public. [Range 1 = Not true at all, 7 = Very true] | 46.20 | 2 | – | <.0001 | ||
| Not true at all, somewhat untrue or untrue | 19.9% | 4.0 (5.7–2.0) | ||||
| Neutral | 19.3% | 4.0 (5.3–3.7) | ||||
| Somewhat True, true, or very true | 60.8% | 5.0 (6.3–3.7) | ||||
|
I think the Governor’s office has an agenda that’s causing them not to give the whole story to the public. .... [Range 1 = Not true at all, 7 = Very true] |
206.42 | 2 | – | <.0001 | ||
| Not true at all, somewhat untrue or untrue | 39.5% | 6.0 (6.7–4.7) | ||||
| Neutral | 14.2% | 4.0 (5.3–3.7) | ||||
| Somewhat True, true, or very true | 46.3% | 4.0 (5.0–2.0) | ||||
| Fears/ Concerns | ||||||
| I worry that private information about my health could be used against me | 71.33 | 2 | – | <.0001 | ||
| Not true at all, somewhat untrue or untrue | 29.5% | 5.7 (6.7–4.0) | ||||
| Neutral | 25.0% | 4.3 (5.7–4.0) | ||||
| Somewhat True, true, or very true | 45.5% | 4.0 (5.7–2.7) | ||||
| I am worried that misinformation about COVID 19 is making people less safe? [Range 1 = Not true at all, 7 = Very true] | 75.77 | 2 | – | <.0001 | ||
| Not true at all, somewhat untrue or untrue | 13.5% | 3.3 (5.0–1.0) | ||||
| Neutral | 12.2% | 4.0 (4.3–3.3) | ||||
| Somewhat True, true, or very true | 74.3% | 5.0 (6.3–3.7) | ||||
| How much of a threat is the coronavirus outbreak to your personal health? | 141.87 | 2 | – | <.0001 | ||
| No threat/Don’t know | 25.2% | 3.3 (4.7–1.3) | ||||
| Minor threat | 44.0% | 4.7 (6.0–3.7) | ||||
| Major threat | 30.8% | 6.0 (6.7–4.3) | ||||
| Political Ideology | ||||||
| Do you think of yourself as a….? | 173.28 | 2 | – | <.0001 | ||
| Moderate or Other | 41.1% | 4.6 (6.0–3.7) | ||||
| Conservative | 28.7% | 3.7 (4.7–1.7) | ||||
| Liberal | 30.2% | 6.0 (6.7–4.3) | ||||
aIQR means interquartile range. bMann Whitney U also called Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for categorical variables with two levels while Kruskal Wallis test was used for categorical variables with more than two levels. df means degrees of freedom