Figure 3.

Lesion formation during common clinical bipolar ablation approaches. (A) Lesion volume and depth significantly increased after combination of sequential unipolar (SUA) and bipolar ablation (B-RFA), whereas energy titration did not significantly alter macroscopic lesion characteristics. (B) B-RFA with 50 W in regions of significant epicardial adipose tissue (EA) close to the coronary sinus (CS) significantly reduced lesion volume and depth compared with B-RFA at regions without EA. Commonly, no lesion was visible at the epicardial site (upper right image). B-RFA, bipolar radiofrequency ablation; EA, epicardial adipose tissue; SUA, sequential unipolar ablation.