Table 4.
Lesion characteristics during ex vivo ablation
| B-RFA | B-RFA | B-RFA | SUA | EA | Titration | SUA 30 W + B-RFA 50 W | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30 W | 40 W | 50 W | 30 W | 50 W | (B-RFA 30 + 50 W) | All groups | ||
| Number of lesions, n | 15 | 9 | 15 | 11 | 15 | 12 | 11 | |
| Myocardial tissue thickness (mm) | 19.4 ± 2.2 | 18.8 ± 1.8 | 19.0 ± 1.8 | 18.0 ± 2.1 | 18.7 ± 1.7 | 18.2 ± 1.9 | 18.4 ± 2.1 | 0.59 |
| Transmural lesions without steam pop, n (%) | 0 0 | 0 0 | 1 (7) | 1 (9) | 1 (7) | 5 (42) | 8 (73)*,† | <0.001 |
| Steam pops, n (%) | 0 0 | 0 0 | 2 (13) | 2 (18) | 4 (27) | 2 (17) | 3 (27) | 0.29 |
| Lesion volume (mm3) | 231* | 224 | 307 | 463 | 95* | 421 | 1386*,† | <0.001 |
| (97–382) | (163–452) | (261–561) | (303–1405) | (41–313) | (259–683) | (1303–1647) | ||
| Lesion surface diameter endocardial (mm) | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 4.2† | 4.3† | 7.1*,† | 0.001 |
| (2.5–5.9) | (3.2–5.3) | (3.8–5.2) | (4.5–6.4) | (0–4.7) | (3.2–4.9) | (6.1–8.6) | ||
| Lesion surface diameter epicardial (mm) | 1.4*,† | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 2.1 | 3.4 | 8.3*,† | <0.001 |
| (0–3.2) | (2.8–5.4) | (3.1–4.6) | (3.2–6.7) | (0–5.4) | (2.8–4.4) | (7.8–10.0) | ||
| Maximum lesion depth (mm) | 4.8 | 4.8 | 5.9 | 8.1 | 4.1 | 8.1 | 9.3*,† | <0.001 |
| (3.0–6.9) | (4.0–6.0) | (4.0–8.9) | (5.2–8.7) | (3.8–5.9) | (5.2–8.7) | (8.9–10.5) | ||
| Combined endo- + epicardial lesion | 7.5*,† | 11.0 | 11.7 | 11.4 | 8.7* | 13.5 | 18.7*,† | <0.001 |
| depth (mm) | (5.7–9.5) | (8.9–12.4) | (10.4–14.2) | (10.4–14.0) | (3.8–11.8) | (11.1–16.9) | (17.6–21.0) | |
| Combined lesion depth/tissue thickness | 37*,† | 58 | 63 | 65 | 48*,† | 68 | 100*,† | <0.001 |
| ratio (%) | (28–56) | (47–68) | (55–76) | (53–77) | (20–61) | (61–100) | (100–100) | |
| Maximum intramural lesion diameter (mm) | 9.3 ± 3.7 | 9.5 ± 1.5 | 10.1 ± 1.4 | 12.1 ± 2.5 | 8.3 ± 3.7† | 10.5 ± 2.2 | 12.0 ± 0.9* | 0.018 |
| Depth at maximum diameter (mm) | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3.8* | 0.023 |
| (1.1–2.6) | (2.0–2.8) | (1.8–2.6) | (2.1–2.8) | (2.2–3.3) | (2.0–3.7) | (2.5–4.6) |
Values are reported as mean ± standard deviation or absolute numbers and percentages. In case of non-parametric data, results were provided as medians with inter-quartile ranges.
*
P < 0.05 vs. B-RFA 50 W.
†
P < 0.05 vs. SUA 30 W.
B-RFA, bipolar radiofrequency ablation; EA, epicardial adipose tissue; SUA, sequential unipolar ablation.