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. 2022 Jul 7;2022:4688113. doi: 10.1155/2022/4688113

Table 4.

Comparison of depression, anxiety, upper limb function, and occupational performance between pretest and posttest and the variance between control and experimental groups.

Pretest Posttest Z pvalue Between-groups Z pvalue
M (SD) M (SD) M (SD)
ATQ-N E 98.60 (9.66) 78.20 (9.21) -2.805 0.005∗∗ -21.50 (2.95) -3.807 p < 0.001∗∗∗
C 97.40 (9.77) 96.70 (9.93) -1.933 0.053 -0.70 (0.94)

KDS E 60.50 (8.42) 45.50 (7.09) -2.816 0.005∗∗ -15.00 (1.82) -3.798 p < 0.001∗∗∗
C 59.50 (8.29) 58.30 (8.12) -1.509 0.131 -1.20 (2.14)

STAI-KYZ(S) E 67.70 (7.22) 56.50 (6.67) -2.829 0.005∗∗ -11.20 (2.85) -3.814 p < 0.001∗∗∗
C 68.40 (7.47) 67.20 (7.11) -1.852 0.064 -0.70 (1.15)

STAI-KYZ(T) E 61.80 (8.84) 52.60 (10.28) -2.692 0.007∗∗ -10.10 (1.85) -3.845 p < 0.001∗∗∗
C 62.10 (8.62) 61.40 (8.83) -1.933 0.053 -0.60 (0.84)

MFT E 14.00 (5.61) 19.70 (4.87) -2.840 0.005∗∗ 5.70 ± 1.33 -1.538 0.124
C 14.40 (5.92) 19.20 (5.80) -2.831 0.005∗∗ 4.80 ± 1.13

MAL-AOU E 60.10 (23.06) 75.00 (23.07) -2.809 0.005∗∗ 14.90 ± 3.14 -1.227 0.220
C 61.60 (21.72) 74.90 (22.92) -2.814 0.005∗∗ 13.30 ± 2.21

MAL-QOM E 58.50 (23.61) 68.50 (24.50) -2.831 0.005∗∗ 10.00 ± 1.82 -1.500 0.134
C 59.80 (22.65) 68.30 (23.59) -2.814 0.005∗∗ 8.50 ± 2.06

COPM-P E 3.10 (1.36) 6.78 (1.40) -2.814 0.003∗∗ 3.68 ± 0.70 -3.971 p < 0.001∗∗∗
C 3.20 (1.51) 5.22 (1.50) -3.051 0.005∗∗ 2.02 ± 0.06

COPM-S E 1.92 (0.97) 6.30 (1.65) -2.818 0.003∗∗ 4.38 ± 0.89 -3.845 p < 0.001∗∗∗
C 2.80 (1.25) 4.84 (1.22) -2.972 0.005∗∗ 2.04 ± 0.08

p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗p < 0.001. E: experimental group; C: control group; ATQ-N: Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire-Negative; KDS: Korean Depression Scale; STAI-KYZ: State Trait Anxiety Inventory-Korean YZ; MFT: Manual Function Test; MAL: Motor Activity Log; COPM: Canadian Occupational Performance Measure.