Table 4.
Comparison of depression, anxiety, upper limb function, and occupational performance between pretest and posttest and the variance between control and experimental groups.
| Pretest | Posttest | Z | pvalue | Between-groups | Z | pvalue | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | ||||||
| ATQ-N | E | 98.60 (9.66)† | 78.20 (9.21) | -2.805 | 0.005∗∗ | -21.50 (2.95) | -3.807 | p < 0.001∗∗∗ |
| C | 97.40 (9.77) | 96.70 (9.93) | -1.933 | 0.053 | -0.70 (0.94) | |||
|
| ||||||||
| KDS | E | 60.50 (8.42) | 45.50 (7.09) | -2.816 | 0.005∗∗ | -15.00 (1.82) | -3.798 | p < 0.001∗∗∗ |
| C | 59.50 (8.29) | 58.30 (8.12) | -1.509 | 0.131 | -1.20 (2.14) | |||
|
| ||||||||
| STAI-KYZ(S) | E | 67.70 (7.22) | 56.50 (6.67) | -2.829 | 0.005∗∗ | -11.20 (2.85) | -3.814 | p < 0.001∗∗∗ |
| C | 68.40 (7.47) | 67.20 (7.11) | -1.852 | 0.064 | -0.70 (1.15) | |||
|
| ||||||||
| STAI-KYZ(T) | E | 61.80 (8.84) | 52.60 (10.28) | -2.692 | 0.007∗∗ | -10.10 (1.85) | -3.845 | p < 0.001∗∗∗ |
| C | 62.10 (8.62) | 61.40 (8.83) | -1.933 | 0.053 | -0.60 (0.84) | |||
|
| ||||||||
| MFT | E | 14.00 (5.61) | 19.70 (4.87) | -2.840 | 0.005∗∗ | 5.70 ± 1.33 | -1.538 | 0.124 |
| C | 14.40 (5.92) | 19.20 (5.80) | -2.831 | 0.005∗∗ | 4.80 ± 1.13 | |||
|
| ||||||||
| MAL-AOU | E | 60.10 (23.06) | 75.00 (23.07) | -2.809 | 0.005∗∗ | 14.90 ± 3.14 | -1.227 | 0.220 |
| C | 61.60 (21.72) | 74.90 (22.92) | -2.814 | 0.005∗∗ | 13.30 ± 2.21 | |||
|
| ||||||||
| MAL-QOM | E | 58.50 (23.61) | 68.50 (24.50) | -2.831 | 0.005∗∗ | 10.00 ± 1.82 | -1.500 | 0.134 |
| C | 59.80 (22.65) | 68.30 (23.59) | -2.814 | 0.005∗∗ | 8.50 ± 2.06 | |||
|
| ||||||||
| COPM-P | E | 3.10 (1.36) | 6.78 (1.40) | -2.814 | 0.003∗∗ | 3.68 ± 0.70 | -3.971 | p < 0.001∗∗∗ |
| C | 3.20 (1.51) | 5.22 (1.50) | -3.051 | 0.005∗∗ | 2.02 ± 0.06 | |||
|
| ||||||||
| COPM-S | E | 1.92 (0.97) | 6.30 (1.65) | -2.818 | 0.003∗∗ | 4.38 ± 0.89 | -3.845 | p < 0.001∗∗∗ |
| C | 2.80 (1.25) | 4.84 (1.22) | -2.972 | 0.005∗∗ | 2.04 ± 0.08 | |||
∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗p < 0.001. E: experimental group; C: control group; ATQ-N: Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire-Negative; KDS: Korean Depression Scale; STAI-KYZ: State Trait Anxiety Inventory-Korean YZ; MFT: Manual Function Test; MAL: Motor Activity Log; COPM: Canadian Occupational Performance Measure.