Table 3 . Evaluation of participants by in-hospital mortality and ICU admission .
a The p values were obtained from the comparisons between ICU admission and ward unit admission groups.
|
Characteristic |
ICU admission (n = 28) |
Ward unit admission (n = 216) |
p a |
Survivor (n = 230) |
Nonsurvivor (n = 14) |
p b |
|
Age |
64.61 ± 15.10 |
52.35 ± 17.16 |
< 0.001 * |
52.84 ± 17.20 |
68.79 ± 12.71 |
0.001 * |
|
Fever (°C) |
36.65 (36.30–37.07) |
36.60 (36.20–37.00) |
0.555 |
36.60 (36.20–37.00) |
36.50 (36.30–37.02) |
0.969 |
|
Pulse (per minute) |
89.86 ± 19.07 |
93.19 ± 14.99 |
0.286 |
93.27 ± 14.89 |
85.14 ± 22.80 |
0.209 |
|
SBP (mmHg) |
128.64 ± 18.68 |
133.62 ± 21.70 |
0.248 |
133.77 ± 21.62 |
121.21 ± 12.97 |
0.004 * |
|
DBP (mmHg) |
73.25 ± 12.22 |
76.16 ± 11.58 |
0.216 |
76.15 ± 11.61 |
70.43 ± 11.74 |
0.075 |
|
MAP (mmHg) |
91.71 ± 13.03 |
95.31 ± 12.99 |
0.169 |
95.35 ± 13.00 |
87.35 ± 11.26 |
0.025 * |
|
Saturation (%) |
93.5 (89.0–96.0) |
95.0 (94.0–97.0) |
0.002 * |
95.0 (93.0–97.0) |
94.50 (89.75–96.25) |
0.219 |
|
D-dimer (µg/mL) |
0.28 (0.17–0.48) |
0.13 (0.08–0.22) |
< 0.001 * |
0.13 (0.09–0.23) |
0.28 (0.20–0.53) |
0.001 * |
|
Lactate (mEq/L) |
1.70 (1.20–2.20) |
1.50 (1.20–1.90) |
0.123 |
1.50 (1.20–1.90) |
1.75 (1.57–2.80) |
0.014 * |
|
NEWS2 |
4.50 (3.00–6.00) |
2.00 (1.00–4.00) |
< 0.001 * |
2.00 (1.00–4.00) |
4.00 (3.00–6.25) |
0.003 * |
|
NEWS2 + lactate |
6.55 (4.72–7.80) |
3.75 (2.42–5.70) |
< 0.001 * |
3.85 (2.50–5.92) |
6.40 (4.57–8.02) |
0.001 * |
|
NEWS2 + D-dimer |
5.05 (3.38–6.52) |
2.13 (1.11–4.16) |
< 0.001 * |
2.20 (1.12–4.37) |
4.28 (3.30–6.76) |
0.002 * |
|
NEWS2 + lactate + D-dimer |
6.90 (5.05–8.27) |
4.01 (2.63–5.98) |
< 0.001 * |
4.13 (2.69–6.06) |
6.90 (4.86–8.47) |
0.001 * |
|
Length of hospital stay (days) |
19.5 (14.0–29.5) |
6.0 (3.0–8.0) |
< 0.001 * |
6.0 (3.0–10.0) |
21.50 (13.50–28.50) |
< 0.001 * |
|
Gender |
||||||
|
Male, n (%) |
18 (64.3) |
104 (48.1) |
0.108 |
110 (47.8) |
12 (85.7) |
0.006 * |
|
Female, n (%) |
10 (35.7) |
112 (51.9) |
120 (52.2) |
2 (14.3) |
||
|
Fever (complaint), n (%) |
19 (67.9) |
146 (67.6) |
0.978 |
156 (67.8) |
9 (64.3) |
0.783 |
|
Cough, n (%) |
23 (82.1) |
137 (63.4) |
0.058 |
149 (64.8) |
11 (78.6) |
0.292 |
|
Shortness of breath, n (%) |
14 (50.0) |
79 (36.6) |
0.169 |
85 (37.0) |
8 (57.1) |
0.131 |
|
Nasal discharge, n (%) |
5 (17.9) |
26 (12.0) |
0.384 |
29 (12.6) |
2 (14.3) |
0.855 |
|
Comorbidity, n (%) |
19 (67.9) |
96 (44.4) |
0.02 * |
105 (45.7) |
10 (71.4) |
0.061 |
|
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) |
9 (32.1) |
49 (22.7) |
0.269 |
54 (23.5) |
4 (28.6) |
0.664 |
|
Hypertension, n (%) |
13 (46.4) |
52 (24.1) |
0.012 * |
59 (25.7) |
6 (42.9) |
0.157 |
|
Coronary artery disease, n (%) |
4 (14.3) |
25 (11.6) |
0.677 |
25 (10.9) |
4 (28.6) |
0.069 |
|
Asthma–COPD, n (%) |
5 (17.9) |
33 (15.3) |
0.723 |
36 (15.7) |
2 (14.3) |
0.891 |
|
CRF, n (%) |
1 (3.6) |
3 (1.4) |
— |
3 (1.3) |
1 (7.1) |
— |
|
Malignancy, n (%) |
1 (3.6) |
9 (4.2) |
— |
9 (3.9) |
1 (7.1) |
— |
|
Immune deficiency, n (%) |
3 (10.7) |
9 (4.2) |
0.132 |
9 (3.9) |
3 (21.4) |
0.024 * |
|
In-hospital mortality, n (%) |
14 (50) |
0 (0) |
< 0.001 * |
— |
— |
— |