Table 4.
Distribution and analysis of possible LARS risk factors
| Risk factor | n (%) | Minor LARS | Major LARS | Overall LARS (minor + major) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | p | n (%) | p | n (%) | p | ||
| Male gender | 90 (58.8) | 12 (13.3) | 1.000 | 19 (21.1) | .698 | 31 (34.4) | .733 |
| Age > 65 years | 80 (52.3) | 6 (7.5) | 0.033 | 18 (22.5) | 1.000 | 24 (30.0) | 0.174 |
| Smoking | 25 (16.3) | 5 (20.0) | .343 | 6 (24.0) | .796 | 11 (44.0) | .371 |
| BMI > 30 kg/m2 | 11 (7.2) | 3 (27.3) | .177 | 4 (36.4) | .263 | 7 (63.6) | .057 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 87 (56.9) | 13 (14.9) | .645 | 19 (21.8) | 1.000 | 32 (36.8) | .866 |
| Previous surgery | 37 (24.2) | 3 (8.1) | .410 | 7 (18.9) | .656 | 10 (27.0) | .240 |
| Protein level < 6.6 g/dl | 40 (29.4) | 5 (12.5) | 1.000 | 8 (20.0) | .662 | 13 (32.5) | .696 |
| Hemoglobin < 12 g/dl | 36 (23.7) | 3 (8.3) | .408 | 11 (30.6) | .179 | 14 (38.9) | .696 |
| nRT | 46 (30.1) | 7 (15.2) | .799 | 18 (39.1) | .002 | 25 (54.3) | .003 |
| Tumor localization | |||||||
| 0–5 cm | 41 (26.8) | 8 (19.5) | .365 | 16 (39.0) | .014 | 24 (58.5) | .003 |
| 6–10 cm | 74 (48.4) | 10 (13.5) | 11 (14.9) | 21 (28.4) | |||
| 11–15 cm | 38 (24.8) | 3 (7.9) | 7 (18.4) | 10 (26.3) | |||
| Bowel preparation | 153 (100.0) | 21 (13.7) | – | 34 (22.2) | – | 55 (35.9) | – |
| Anastomosis | |||||||
| SCR | 145 (94.8) | 20 (13.8) | 1.000 | 31 (21.4) | .175 | 51 (35.2) | .410 |
| STE | 7 (4.6) | 1 (14.3) | 2 (28.6) | 3 (42.9) | |||
| ETS | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100.0) | 1 (100.0) | |||
| TME | 116 (76.8) | 18 (15.5) | .408 | 27 (23.3) | .347 | 45 (38.8) | .106 |
| Stoma | 73 (47.7) | 11 (15.1) | .815 | 21 (28.8) | .080 | 32 (43.8) | .064 |
| Complications | 33 (21.6) | 4 (12.1) | 1.000 | 8 (24.2) | .814 | 12 (36.4) | 1.000 |
| Re-intervention | 8 (5.5) | 1 (12.5) | 1.000 | 2 (25.0) | .670 | 3 (37.5) | 1.000 |
| Blood transfusion | 9 (5.9) | 1 (11.1) | 1.000 | 1 (11.1) | .685 | 2 (22.2) | .492 |
| CTa | 64 (43.2) | 8 (12.5) | .812 | 18 (28.1) | .238 | 26 (40.6) | .392 |
| RTa | 3 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000 | 1 (33.3) | .546 | 1 (33.3) | 1.000 |
| Stoma closure (> 3 months) | 61 (83.6) | 9 (14.8) | .686 | 19 (31.1) | .324 | 28 (45.9) | .561 |
Bold type indicates statistically significant p-values
BMI body mass index, nRT neoadjuvant radiotherapy, SCR straight colo-rectal, STE side-to-end, ETS end-to-side, TME total mesorectal excision, CTa adjuvant chemotherapy, RTa adjuvant radiotherapy