Table 1.
Associations of participation in the intervention with psychosocial factors earlier in life and at baseline among the FINGER intervention group participants
| Overall participation | Diet participation | Exercise participation | Cognitive training participation | CVD risk factor control visit participation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Psychosocial factors from FINRISK/FIN-D2D surveysa | |||||
| Coefficient (95% CI) | |||||
| Hopelessness | − 0.15 (− 0.29 to 0.018)* | − 0.13 (− 0.35 to 0.10) | − 0.087 (− 0.23 to 0.052) | − 0.14 (− 0.29 to 0.003)* | − 0.11 (− 0.36 to 0.14) |
| Dissatisfaction with family life | − 0.15 (− 0.93 to 0.63) | − 0.038 (− 1.31 to 1.24) | − 0.29 (− 1.12 to 0.55) | − 0.13 (− 0.94 to 0.68) | 0.55 (− 1.51 to 2.61) |
| Dissatisfaction with achievements | 0.44 (− 0.16 to 1.04) | 0.76 (− 0.49 to 2.00) | 0.43 (− 0.23 to 1.08) | 0.29 (− 0.33 to 0.91) | 1.36 (− 0.68 to 3.40) |
| Dissatisfaction with financial situation | − 0.014 (− 0.52 to 0.49) | 0.18 (− 0.69 to 1.05) | − 0.017 (− 0.55 to 0.51) | − 0.11 (− 0.61 to 0.39) | 0.58 (− 0.66 to 1.81) |
| Psychosocial factors at FINGER baselineb | |||||
| Coefficient (95% CI) | |||||
| Depressive symptoms (Zung) | − 0.031 (− 0.052 to 0.010)** | − 0.017 (− 0.051 to 0.018) | − 0.031 (− 0.052 to 0.009)** | − 0.021 (− 0.042 to 0.0004) | 0.002 (− 0.043 to 0.046) |
| HRQoL mental component | 0.023 (0.005 to 0.041)* | 0.010 (− 0.20 to 0.040) | 0.012 (− 0.006 to 0.031) | 0.019 (0.001 to 0.038)* | − 0.011 (− 0.051 to 0.030) |
| HRQoL physical component | 0.018 (0.001 to 0.035)* | 0.016 (− 0.012 to 0.044) |
0.002 (− 0.024 to 0.029)c 0.033 (0.014 to 0.052)**d |
0.010 (− 0.007 to 0.028) | 0.024 (− 0.010 to 0.059) |
| Nonpositive perception of the study | − 0.90 (− 1.50 to 0.30)** | − 0.82 (− 1.60 to 0.043)* | − 0.90 (− 1.50 to 0.30)** | − 0.76 (− 1.35 to 0.17)** | − 0.76 (− 1.72 to 0.20) |
aGeneralised ordinal logistic regression analyses adjusted for age at baseline, sex, education, marriage/cohabiting status in earlier life survey, study site, follow-up time, and signs of depression (depressive symptoms and/or use of antidepressants) in earlier life survey
bGeneralised ordinal logistic regression analyses adjusted for age at baseline, sex, education, marriage/cohabiting status at baseline, study site, and use of antidepressants. Two different coefficients refer to that there are nonparallel associations between predictor variable and separate ordinal outcome categories
cActive/partially active vs not active category
dActive vs partially active/not active category
FINRISK denotes the National FINRISK study and FIN-D2D denotes the national type 2 diabetes prevention programme in Finland. HRQoL, health-related quality of life. P values < 0.05 are in bold. *P < 0.05 **P < 0.01 ***P < 0.001