Table 2.
Comparison of outcomes between patients undergoing RAL versus LSC
| Variable | Overall analysis | PSM analysis | PSM analysis without learning curve operations | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RAL (n = 179) | LSC (n = 504) | p | RAL (n = 176) | LSC (n = 352) | p | RAL (n = 44) | LSC (n = 88) | p | |
| Intraoperative complications, n (%) | 1 (0.6) | 10 (2.0) | 0.193 | 1 (0.6) | 8 (2.3) | 0.154 | 0 | 3 (3.4) | 0.217 |
| Operative time, min (IQR) | 300 (250–323) | 210 (180–260) | < 0.001 | 300 (250–325) | 210 (180–260) | < 0.001 | 292 (258–323) | 214 (180–256) | < 0.001 |
| Conversion to open surgery, n (%) | 3 (1.7) | 31 (6.2) | 0.018 | 3 (1.7) | 20 (5.7) | 0.035 | 0 | 7 (8.0) | 0.050 |
| Stoma formation, n (%) | 1 (0.6) | 5 (1.0) | 0.594 | 1 (0.6) | 2 (0.6) | 1.000 | 0 | 0 | 1.000 |
| ICU required, n (%) | 46 (25.7) | 81 (16.1) | 0.004 | 46 (26.1) | 47 (13.4) | < 0.001 | 15 (34.1) | 19 (21.6) | 0.123 |
| ICU stay, days (IQR) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 0.605 | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 0.884 | 1 (1–3) | 1 (1–2) | 0.348 |
| Blood transfusions, n (%) | 5 (2.8) | 11 (2.2) | 0.215 | 5 (2.8) | 6 (1.7) | 0.389 | 2 (4.5) | 0 | 0.045 |
| Postoperative complications | |||||||||
| - Clavien–Dindo ≥ III, n (%) | 7 (3.9) | 32 (6.3) | 0.227 | 7 (4.0) | 23 (6.5) | 0.232 | 1 (2.3) | 5 (5.7) | 0.377 |
| - Anastomotic leakage, n (%) | 2 (1.1) | 8 (1.6) | 0.653 | 2 (1.1) | 5 (1.4) | 0.788 | 0 | 3 (3.4) | 0.217 |
| - Length of hospital stay, days (IQR) | 9 (8–11) | 9 (7–11) | 0.328 | 9 (8–11) | 9 (7–11) | 0.108 | 10 (8–11) | 9 (8–11) | 0.547 |
| Reoperations, n (%) | 4 (222) | 16 (3.2) | 0.522 | 4 (2.3) | 11 (3.1) | 0.579 | 0 | 3 (3.4) | 0.217 |
| Discharged home, n (%) | 168 (93.8) | 464 (92.1) | 0.434 | 165 (93.7) | 328 (93.2) | 0.805 | 41 (93.2) | 84 (95.5) | 0.584 |
Values are expressed as absolute numbers with percentage in parentheses or median with interquartile range (IQR). SD standard deviation; LSC laparoscopic resection; RAL robotic-assisted laparoscopic resection; ICU intensive care unit