Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by age and sex
| Variable | All participants (n = 2223) | Age group | Sex | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Younger (n = 783) | Middle-aged (n = 319) | Older (n = 1121) | Women (n = 1503) | Men (n = 720) | ||
| Sociodemographics | ||||||
| Women | 1503 (67.6) | 564 (72.0) | 220 (69.0) | 719 (64.1) | – | – |
| Age range, years | 25–70 | 25–45 | 46–54 | 55–70 | 25–70 | 25–70 |
| Age, years | 55 (43, 61) | 39 (34, 43) | 50 (48, 52) | 61 (57, 65) | 53 (42, 60) | 56 (44, 63) |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 1947 (87.6) | 600 (76.6) | 274 (85.9) | 1073 (95.7) | 1299 (86.4) | 648 (90.0) |
| Othera | 276 (12.4) | 183 (23.4) | 45 (14.1) | 48 (4.3) | 204 (13.6) | 72 (10.0) |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| No | 1875 (84.3) | 605 (77.3) | 281 (88.1) | 989 (88.2) | 1264 (84.1) | 611 (84.9) |
| Yes, but less than weekly | 72 (3.2) | 39 (5.0) | 7 (2.2) | 26 (2.3) | 50 (3.3) | 22 (3.1) |
| Yes, at least daily | 239 (10.8) | 124 (15.8) | 27 (8.5) | 88 (7.9) | 169 (11.2) | 70 (9.7) |
| Missing | 37 (1.7) | 15 (1.9) | 4 (1.3) | 18 (1.6) | 20 (1.3) | 17 (2.4) |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||
| No | 718 (32.3) | 319 (40.7) | 106 (33.2) | 293 (26.1) | 571 (38.0) | 147 (20.4) |
| Yes | 1470 (66.1) | 448 (57.2) | 208 (65.2) | 814 (72.6) | 911 (60.6) | 559 (77.6) |
| Missing | 35 (1.6) | 16 (2.0) | 5 (1.6) | 14 (1.2) | 21 (1.4) | 14 (1.9) |
| Anthropometry and body composition | ||||||
| Body weight, kg | 96.7 (84.7, 111.1) | 103.0 (90.1, 118.8) | 98.1 (84.7, 110.3) | 92.7 (82.4, 105.6) | 92.4 (81.6, 106.1) | 104.8 (94.7, 118.9) |
| Height, m | 1.67 (1.61, 1.75) | 1.68 (1.63, 1.75) | 1.66 (1.61, 1.74) | 1.67 (1.61, 1.74) | 1.64 (1.59, 1.68) | 1.77 (1.73, 1.82) |
| Waist circumference, cm | 110.4 (14.7) | 111.2 (16.2) | 109.8 (14.5) | 110.1 (13.7) | 107.5 (14.0) | 116.7 (14.3) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 33.9 (30.7, 38.5) | 35.9 (31.7, 41.1) | 34.0 (30.9, 38.8) | 32.9 (30.0, 36.8) | 34.3 (30.9, 39.3) | 33.5 (30.5, 37.3) |
| Fat mass, kg | 40.9 (33.4, 50.4) | 44.5 (36.2, 54.9) | 40.8 (33.8, 49.0) | 38.6 (32.1, 47.3) | 42.4 (34.7, 51.6) | 37.4 (30.9, 46.3) |
| FFM, kg | 54.0 (47.7, 64.1) | 56.8 (49.8, 66.6) | 53.6 (47.5, 64.1) | 52.0 (46.2, 62.3) | 49.7 (45.7, 54.9) | 67.4 (61.7, 74.0) |
| BMC, gb | 2720 (2401, 3136) | 2886 (2544, 3271) | 2756 (2414, 3170) | 2600 (2300, 3000) | 2550 (2318, 2800) | 3336 (3000, 3662) |
| BMD, g/cm2c | 1.3 (1.2, 1.3) | 1.3 (1.2, 1.4) | 1.3 (1.2, 1.3) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.3) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.3) | 1.3 (1.2, 1.4) |
| Glucose metabolism | ||||||
| FPG, mmol/l | 6.2 (0.7) | 5.9 (0.7) | 6.2 (0.7) | 6.3 (0.7) | 6.1 (0.7) | 6.3 (0.7) |
| 2 h plasma glucose, mmol/l | 7.7 (2.2) | 7.2 (2.0) | 7.9 (2.3) | 7.9 (2.3) | 7.6 (2.2) | 7.7 (2.3) |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 36.7 (4.0) | 35.6 (4.1) | 37.3 (4.1) | 37.3 (3.7) | 36.7 (3.9) | 36.8 (4.1) |
| HbA1c, % | 5.5 (0.4) | 5.4 (0.4) | 5.6 (0.4) | 5.6 (0.3) | 5.5 (0.4) | 5.5 (0.4) |
| Lipid metabolism | ||||||
| Triacylglycerol, mmol/l | 1.3 (1.0, 1.8) | 1.3 (1.0, 1.8) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.7) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.9) | 1.3 (1.0, 1.7) | 1.4 (1.1, 2.0) |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 5.2 (1.0) | 5.0 (0.9) | 5.2 (0.9) | 5.3 (1.0) | 5.3 (1.0) | 5.0 (1.0) |
| HDL-cholesterol, mmol/l | 1.2 (1.1, 1.4) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.3) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.4) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.5) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.5) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.3) |
| LDL-cholesterol, mmol/l | 3.2 (2.6, 3.8) | 3.1 (2.5, 3.6) | 3.3 (2.7, 3.8) | 3.3 (2.7, 3.9) | 3.3 (2.7, 3.8) | 3.1 (2.6, 3.7) |
| Blood pressure | ||||||
| SBP, mmHg | 129.1 (15.9) | 124.1 (14.7) | 126.1 (14.3) | 133.3 (15.9) | 127.1 (16.0) | 133.2 (14.7) |
| DBP, mmHg | 78.7 (71.0, 85.3) | 77.0 (69.0, 83.7) | 78.2 (69.9, 84.5) | 80.0 (72.7, 86.3) | 77.3 (69.3, 84.3) | 80.7 (74.3, 87.1) |
Data are mean (SD), median (25th, 75th percentiles) or n (%)
aIncludes Asian, black, Arabic, Hispanic and other participants. χ2 test was performed based on full categories including white, Asian, black, Arabic, Hispanic and other participants
bData available for 614 of 783 younger participants, 227 of 319 middle-aged participants and 639 of 1121 older participants or 1037 of 1503 women and 443 of 720 men from Denmark, Spain, Bulgaria, Australia and New Zealand
cData available for 419 of 783 younger participants, 221 of 319 middle-aged participants and 476 of 1121 older participants or 759 of 1503 women and 357 of 720 men from Denmark, Spain, Australia and New Zealand