Table A.1.
Characteristics of each included study.
| Citation | Number of participants | Data source | Study population type | Sampling | Overall PPV attendance estimate (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Postpartum care visits--11 states and New York City, 2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2007;56(50):1312–1316. | 18,558 | Patient survey | Population-based, multiple states | Population representative sample | 88.7 |
| Adhikari EH, Yule CS, Roberts SW, et al. Factors Associated with Postpartum Loss to Follow-Up and Detectable Viremia After Delivery Among Pregnant Women Living with HIV. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2019;33(1):14–20.§ | 613 | Medical chart review/abstraction | Single hospital/healthcare system | All eligible cases in universe | 79.9 |
| Adia AC, Matos QP, Monteiro K, Kim HH. The Association Between Postpartum Healthcare Encounters and Contraceptive Use among Rhode Island Mothers, 2012–2015. R I Med J (2013). 2018;101(3):29–32. | 4,542 | Patient survey | Population-based, single state | Population representative sample | 92.9 |
| Arora KS, Ascha M, Wilkinson B, et al. Association between neighborhood disadvantage and fulfillment of desired postpartum sterilization. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1440.§ | 1,332 | Electronic Health Record | Single hospital/healthcare system | All eligible cases in universe | 63.9 |
| Attanasio L, Kozhimannil KB. Health Care Engagement and Follow-up After Perceived Discrimination in Maternity Care. Med Care. 2017;55(9):830–833. | 2,400 | Patient survey | Nationally drawn | Population representative sample | 90.1 |
| Battarbee AN, Yee LM. Barriers to Postpartum Follow-Up and Glucose Tolerance Testing in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Am J Perinatol. 2018;35(4):354–360. | 683 | Electronic Health Record | Single hospital/healthcare system | All eligible cases in universe | 82.0 |
| Bauman BL, Ko JY, Cox S, et al. Vital Signs: Postpartum Depressive Symptoms and Provider Discussions About Perinatal Depression - United States, 2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(19):575–581. | 32,659 | Patient survey | Population-based, multiple states | Population representative sample | 90.1 |
| Bennett WL, Chang HY, Levine DM, et al. Utilization of primary and obstetric care after medically complicated pregnancies: an analysis of medical claims data. J Gen Intern Med. 2014;29(4):636–645.§ | 37,751 | Health insurance claims | Single health plan | All eligible cases in universe | 60.3 |
| Bensussen-Walls W, Saewyc EM. Teen-focused care versus adult-focused care for the high-risk pregnant adolescent: an outcomes evaluation. Public Health Nurs. 2001;18(6):424–435.‡ | 106 | Medical chart review/abstraction | Single hospital/healthcare system | Non-probability sampling | -- |
| Bernstein JA, Quinn E, Ameli O, et al. Follow-up after gestational diabetes: a fixable gap in women’s preventive healthcare. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2017;5(1):e000445. | 12,622 | Health insurance claims | Other | All eligible cases in universe | 39.6 |
| Bromley E, Nunes A, Phipps MG. Disparities in pregnancy healthcare utilization between Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women in Rhode Island. Matern Child Health J. 2012;16(8):1576–1582.‡ | 14,059 | Patient survey | Population-based, single state | Population representative sample | -- |
| Bryant AS, Haas JS, McElrath TF, McCormick MC. Predictors of compliance with the postpartum visit among women living in healthy start project areas. Matern Child Health J. 2006;10(6):511–516. | 1,637 | Patient survey | Other | Population representative sample | 86.5 |
| Bryant A, Blake-Lamb T, Hatoum I, Kotelchuck M. Women’s Use of Health Care in the First 2 Years Postpartum: Occurrence and Correlates. Matern Child Health J. 2016;20(Suppl 1):81–91. | 6,216 | Electronic Health Record | Single hospital/healthcare system | All eligible cases in universe | 87.4 |
| Buchberg MK, Fletcher FE, Vidrine DJ, et al. A mixed-methods approach to understanding barriers to postpartum retention in care among low-income, HIV-infected women. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2015;29(3):126–132. | 35 | Electronic Health Record | Defined set of clinics but more than 1 | Non-probability sampling | 71.4 |
| Chung EK, Mathew L, McCollum KF, Elo IT, Culhane JF. Continuous source of care among young underserved children: associated characteristics and use of recommended parenting practices. Ambul Pediatr. 2008;8(1):36–42. | 1,670 | Patient survey | Defined set of clinics but more than 1 | Non-probability sampling | 87.0 |
| Clements KM, Mitra M, Zhang J, Parish SL. Postpartum Health Care Among Women With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Am J Prev Med. 2020;59(3):437–444.§ | 3,848 | Health insurance claims | Other | All eligible cases in universe | 24.9 |
| Coleman-Minahan K, Aiken ARA, Potter JE. Prevalence and Predictors of Prenatal and Postpartum Contraceptive Counseling in Two Texas Cities. Womens Health Issues. 2017;27(6):707–714. | 613 | Patient survey | Defined set of clinics but more than 1 | Non-probability sampling | 88.1 |
| Cope AG, Mara KC, Weaver AL, Casey PM. Postpartum Contraception Usage Among Somali Women in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;133(4):762–769.§ | 634 | Electronic Health Record | Single hospital/healthcare system | Non-probability sampling | 92.9 |
| D’Angelo D, Williams L, Morrow B, et al. Preconception and interconception health status of women who recently gave birth to a live-born infant--Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), United States, 26 reporting areas, 2004. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2007;56(10):1–35.† | Not stated | Patient survey | Population-based, multiple states | Population representative sample | 89.3 |
| Danilack VA, Brousseau EC, Paulo BA, Matteson KA, Clark MA. Characteristics of women without a postpartum checkup among PRAMS participants, 2009–2011. Matern Child Health J. 2019;23(7):903–909. | 64,952 | Patient survey | Population-based, multiple states | Population representative sample | 89.4 |
| Declercq ER, Sakala C, Corry MP, Applebaum S, Herrlich A. Major Survey Findings of Listening to Mothers(SM) III: Pregnancy and Birth: Report of the Third National U.S. Survey of Women’s Childbearing Experiences. J Perinat Educ. 2014;23(1):9–16. | 1,072 | Patient survey | Nationally drawn | Population representative sample | 90.0 |
| DeSisto CL, Rohan A, Handler A, Awadalla SS, Johnson T, Rankin K. The Effect of Continuous Versus Pregnancy-Only Medicaid Eligibility on Routine Postpartum Care in Wisconsin, 2011–2015. Matern Child Health J. 2020;24(9):1138–1150.§ | 105,718 | Health insurance claims | Single health plan | All eligible cases in universe | 85.7 |
| DiBari JN, Yu SM, Chao SM, Lu MC. Use of postpartum care: predictors and barriers. J Pregnancy. 2014;2014:530769. | 4,075 | Patient survey | Other | Population representative sample | 91.7 |
| Dietz PM, Vesco KK, Callaghan WM, et al. Postpartum screening for diabetes after a gestational diabetes mellitus-affected pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;112(4):868–874.§ | 36,251 | Medical chart review/abstraction | Single health plan | All eligible cases in universe | 96.5 |
| Dude A, Matulich M, Estevez S, Liu LY, Yee LM. Disparities in Postpartum Contraceptive Counseling and Provision Among Mothers of Preterm Infants. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2018;27(5):676–683. | 207 | Electronic Health Record | Single hospital/healthcare system | All eligible cases in universe | 84.5 |
| Eggleston EM, LeCates RF, Zhang F, Wharam JF, Ross-Degnan D, Oken E. Variation in Postpartum Glycemic Screening in Women With a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Obstet Gynecol. 2016;128(1):159–167. | 32,253 | Health insurance claims | Single health plan | All eligible cases in universe | 40.0 |
| Ehrenthal DB, Maiden K, Rogers S, Ball A. Postpartum healthcare after gestational diabetes and hypertension. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2014;23(9):760–764. | 249 | Patient survey | Single hospital/healthcare system | Non-probability sampling | 95.4 |
| Ehrenthal DB, Gelinas K, Paul DA, et al. Postpartum Emergency Department Visits and Inpatient Readmissions in a Medicaid Population of Mothers. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2017;26(9):984–991. | 4,077 | Health insurance claims | Single hospital/healthcare system | All eligible cases in universe | 67.1 |
| Fabiyi CA, Reid LD, Mistry KB. Postpartum Health Care Use After Gestational Diabetes and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2019;28(8):1116–1123. | 304 | Patient survey | Nationally drawn | Population representative sample | 67.6 |
| Farr SL, Denk CE, Dahms EW, Dietz PM. Evaluating universal education and screening for postpartum depression using population-based data. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2014;23(8):657–663. | 2,012 | Patient survey | Population-based, single state | Population representative sample | 86.7 |
| Galvin SL, Ramage M, Leiner C, Sullivan MH, Fagan EB. A Cohort Comparison of Differences Between Regional and Buncombe County Patients of a Comprehensive Perinatal Substance Use Disorders Program in Western North Carolina. N C Med J. 2020a;81(3):157–165.§ | 608 | Medical chart review/abstraction | Other | All eligible cases in universe | 57.3 |
| Galvin SL, Ramage M, Mazure E, Coulson CC. The association of cannabis use late in pregnancy with engagement and retention in perinatal substance use disorder care for opioid use disorder: A cohort comparison. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2020b;117:108098.§ | 472 | Electronic Health Record | Other | All eligible cases in universe | 42.8 |
| Glass TL, Tucker K, Stewart R, Baker TE, Kauffman RP. Infant feeding and contraceptive practices among adolescents with a high teen pregnancy rate: a 3-year retrospective study. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2010;19(9):1659–1663. | 543 | Medical chart review/abstraction | Single hospital/healthcare system | All eligible cases in universe | 72.3 |
| Haight SC, Ko JY, Yogman MW, Farr SL. Postpartum Depressive Symptoms and Screening Opportunities at Health Care Encounters. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2021;30(5):731–738. | 23,990 | Patient survey | Population-based, multiple states | Population representative sample | 90.7 |
| Hale NL, Probst JC, Liu J, Martin AB, Bennett KJ, Glover S. Postpartum screening for diabetes among Medicaid-eligible South Carolina women with gestational diabetes. Womens Health Issues. 2012;22(2):e163–169. | 6,239 | Health insurance claims | Single health plan | All eligible cases in universe | 82.9 |
| Harney C, Dude A, Haider S. Factors associated with short interpregnancy interval in women who plan postpartum LARC: a retrospective study. Contraception. 2017;95(3):245–250. | 3,553 | Medical chart review/abstraction | Single hospital/healthcare system | All eligible cases in universe | 62.0 |
| Harris A, Chang HY, Wang L, et al. Emergency Room Utilization After Medically Complicated Pregnancies: A Medicaid Claims Analysis. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2015;24(9):745–754. | 26,074 | Health insurance claims | Single health plan | All eligible cases in universe | 55.8 |
| Harrison MS, Zucker R, Scarbro S, Sevick C, Sheeder J, Davidson AJ. Postpartum Contraceptive Use Among Denver-Based Adolescents and Young Adults: Association with Subsequent Repeat Delivery. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2020;33(4):393–397.e391. | 4,068 | Electronic Health Record | Single hospital/healthcare system | All eligible cases in universe | 61.5 |
| Herrick CJ, Keller MR, Trolard AM, Cooper BP, Olsen MA, Colditz GA. Postpartum diabetes screening among low income women with gestational diabetes in Missouri 2010–2015. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):148. | 1,078 | Electronic Health Record | Defined set of clinics but more than 1 | All eligible cases in universe | 73.0 |
| Ho J, Bachman-Carter K, Thorkelson S, et al. Glycemic control and healthcare utilization following pregnancy among women with pre-existing diabetes in Navajo Nation. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18(1):629 | 82 | Medical chart review/abstraction | Single hospital/healthcare system | All eligible cases in universe | 61.0 |
| Hulsey TM, Laken M, Miller V, Ager J. The influence of attitudes about unintended pregnancy on use of prenatal and postpartum care. J Perinatol. 2000;20(8 Pt 1):513–519. | 319 | Patient survey | Single hospital/healthcare system | Non-probability sampling | 83.0 |
| Jones ME, Kubelka S, Bond ML. Acculturation status, birth outcomes, and family planning compliance among Hispanic teens. J Sch Nurs. 2001;17(2):83–89. | 63 | Medical chart review/abstraction | Single hospital/healthcare system | Non-probability sampling | 71.0 |
| Jones ME, Bond ML, Gardner SH, Hernandez MC. A call to action. Acculturation level and family-planning patterns of Hispanic immigrant women. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2002a;27(1):26–32; quiz 33. | 376 | Medical chart review/abstraction | Single hospital/healthcare system | Non-probability sampling | 73.0 |
| Jones ME, Bercier O, Hayes AL, Wentrcek P, Bond ML. Family planning patterns and acculturation level of high-risk, pregnant Hispanic women. J Nurs Care Qual. 2002b;16(4):46–55. | 98 | Medical chart review/abstraction | Single hospital/healthcare system | Non-probability sampling | 73.4 |
| Kentoffio K, Berkowitz SA, Atlas SJ, Oo SA, Percac-Lima S. Use of maternal health services: comparing refugee, immigrant and US-born populations. Matern Child Health J. 2016;20(12):2494–2501.§ | 763 | Medical chart review/abstraction | Single hospital/healthcare system | All eligible cases in universe | 68.9 |
| Kim C, Tabaei BP, Burke R, et al. Missed opportunities for type 2 diabetes mellitus screening among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Public Health. 2006;96(9):1643–1648.‡ | 533 | Electronic Health Record | Single hospital/healthcare system | All eligible cases in universe | -- |
| Kotha A, Chen BA, Lewis L, Dunn S, Himes KP, Krans EE. Prenatal intent and postpartum receipt of long-acting reversible contraception among women receiving medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder. Contraception. 2019;99(1):36–41.§ | 791 | Medical chart review/abstraction | Single hospital/healthcare system | All eligible cases in universe | 30.0 |
| Kozhimannil KB, Huskamp HA, Graves AJ, Soumerai SB, Ross-Degnan D, Wharam JF. High-deductible health plans and costs and utilization of maternity care. Am J Manag Care. 2011;17(1):e17–25.§ | 2,409 | Health insurance claims | Single health plan | All eligible cases in universe | 57.2 |
| Krans EE, Bobby S, England M, et al. The Pregnancy Recovery Center: A women-centered treatment program for pregnant and postpartum women with opioid use disorder. Addict Behav. 2018;86:124–129.§ | 248 | Electronic Health Record | Single hospital/healthcare system | All eligible cases in universe | 40.1 |
| Leonard SA, Gee D, Zhu Y, Crespi CM, Whaley SE. Associations between preterm birth, low birth weight, and postpartum health in a predominantly Hispanic WIC population. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2014;46(6):499–505. | 1,420 | Patient survey | Other | Population representative sample | 88.9 |
| Levi E, Cantillo E, Ades V, Banks E, Murthy A. Immediate postplacental IUD insertion at cesarean delivery: a prospective cohort study. Contraception. 2012;86(2):102–105. | 90 | Medical chart review/abstraction | Single hospital/healthcare system | All eligible cases in universe | 48.0 |
| Levine LD, Nkonde-Price C, Limaye M, Srinivas SK. Factors associated with postpartum follow-up and persistent hypertension among women with severe preeclampsia. J Perinatol. 2016;36(12):1079–1082. | 193 | Electronic Health Record | Single hospital/healthcare system | All eligible cases in universe | 52.3 |
| Lewey J, Levine LD, Yang L, Triebwasser JE, Groeneveld PW. Patterns of Postpartum Ambulatory Care Follow-up Care Among Women With Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2020;9(17):e016357.§ | 566,059 | Health insurance claims | Single health plan | All eligible cases in universe | 40.3 |
| Lu MC, Prentice J. The postpartum visit: risk factors for nonuse and association with breast-feeding. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;187(5):1329–1336. | 9,953 | Patient survey | Nationally drawn | Population representative sample | 85.0 |
| Masho SW, Cha S, Charles R, et al. Postpartum Visit Attendance Increases the Use of Modern Contraceptives. J Pregnancy. 2016;2016:2058127. | 24,619 | Health insurance claims | Single health plan | All eligible cases in universe | 49.3 |
| Masho SW, Cha S, Karjane N, et al. Correlates of Postpartum Visits Among Medicaid Recipients: An Analysis Using Claims Data from a Managed Care Organization. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2018;27(6):836–843. | 25,692 | Health insurance claims | Single health plan | All eligible cases in universe | 49.5 |
| McCloskey L, Bernstein J, Winter M, Iverson R, Lee-Parritz A. Follow-up of gestational diabetes mellitus in an urban safety net hospital: missed opportunities to launch preventive care for women. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2014;23(4):327–334. | 415 | Electronic Health Record | Single hospital/healthcare system | All eligible cases in universe | 80.2 |
| Meade CM, Badell M, Hackett S, et al. HIV Care Continuum among Postpartum Women Living with HIV in Atlanta. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2019;2019:8161495. | 245 | Electronic Health Record | Single hospital/healthcare system | All eligible cases in universe | 76.0 |
| Mercier RJ, Burcher TA, Horowitz R, Wolf A. Differences in Breastfeeding Among Medicaid and Commercially Insured Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Breastfeed Med. 2018;13(4):286–291. | 656 | Medical chart review/abstraction | Single hospital/healthcare system | All eligible cases in universe | 61.0 |
| Mitra M, Clements KM, Zhang J, Iezzoni LI, Smeltzer SC, Long-Bellil LM. Maternal Characteristics, Pregnancy Complications, and Adverse Birth Outcomes Among Women With Disabilities. Med Care. 2015;53(12):1027–1032.‡ | 13,361 | Patient survey | Population-based, single state | Population representative sample | -- |
| Morgan I, Hughes ME, Belcher H, Holmes L, Jr. Maternal Sociodemographic Characteristics, Experiences and Health Behaviors Associated with Postpartum Care Utilization: Evidence from Maryland PRAMS Dataset, 2012–2013. Matern Child Health J. 2018;22(4):589–598. | 2,204 | Patient survey | Population-based, single state | Population representative sample | 89.6 |
| Morris J, Ascha M, Wilkinson B, et al. Desired Sterilization Procedure at the Time of Cesarean Delivery According to Insurance Status. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;134(6):1171–1177.§ | 481 | Electronic Health Record | Single hospital/healthcare system | All eligible cases in universe | 61.5 |
| Norton PJ, Mosley M, McBride DG, Garikapaty V. Factors in Accessing Routine Health Care: Mental Health and Postpartum Mothers. Mo Med. 2019;116(4):325–330. | 10,513 | Patient survey | Population-based, single state | Population representative sample | 90.0 |
| Ortiz FM, Jimenez EY, Boursaw B, Huttlinger K. Postpartum Care for Women with Gestational Diabetes. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2016;41(2):116–122. |
97 | Medical chart review/abstraction | Single hospital/healthcare system | All eligible cases in universe | 54.6 |
| Oza-Frank R. Postpartum diabetes testing among women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus: PRAMS 2009–2010. Matern Child Health J. 2014;18(3):729–736. | 575 | Patient survey | Population-based, multiple states | Population representative sample | 90.0 |
| Parekh N, Jarlenski M, Kelley D. Prenatal and Postpartum Care Disparities in a Large Medicaid Program. Matern Child Health J. 2018;22(3):429–437. | 12,228 | Health insurance claims | Single health plan | Population representative sample | 61.0 |
| Rankin KM, Haider S, Caskey R, Chakraborty A, Roesch P, Handler A. Healthcare Utilization in the Postpartum Period Among Illinois Women with Medicaid Paid Claims for Delivery, 2009–2010. Matern Child Health J. 2016;20(Suppl 1):144–153. | 55,577 | Health insurance claims | Single health plan | All eligible cases in universe | 81.1 |
| Robbins CL, Zapata LB, Farr SL, et al. Core state preconception health indicators - pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system and behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 2009. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2014;63(3):1–62.† | Not stated | Patient survey | Population-based, multiple states | Population representative sample | 88.2 |
| Rosenbach M, O’Neil S, Cook B, Trebino L, Walker DK. Characteristics, access, utilization, satisfaction, and outcomes of healthy start participants in eight sites. Matern Child Health J. 2010;14(5):666–679. | 1,056 | Patient survey | Other | Population representative sample | 91.0 |
| Rosenthal EW, Easter SR, Morton-Eggleston E, Dutton C, Zera C. Contraception and postpartum follow-up in patients with gestational diabetes. Contraception. 2017;95(4):431–433. | 404 | Electronic Health Record | Single hospital/healthcare system | All eligible cases in universe | 73.0 |
| Russell MA, Phipps MG, Olson CL, Welch HG, Carpenter MW. Rates of postpartum glucose testing after gestational diabetes mellitus. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;108(6):1456–1462. | 344 | Medical chart review/abstraction | Single hospital/healthcare system | All eligible cases in universe | 77.0 |
| Schwarz EB, Braughton MY, Riedel JC, et al. Postpartum care and contraception provided to women with gestational and preconception diabetes in California’s Medicaid program. Contraception. 2017;96(6):432–438.§ | 199,860 | Health insurance claims | Single health plan | All eligible cases in universe | 49.4 |
| Shi L, Stevens GD, Wulu JT, Jr., Politzer RM, Xu J. America’s Health Centers: reducing racial and ethnic disparities in perinatal care and birth outcomes. Health Serv Res. 2004;39(6 Pt 1):1881–1901. | 555,557 | Other | Nationally drawn | All eligible cases in universe | 72.8 |
| Shim JY, Stark EL, Ross CM, Miller ES. Multivariable Analysis of the Association between Antenatal Depressive Symptomatology and Postpartum Visit Attendance. Am J Perinatol. 2019;36(10):1009–1013. | 2,870 | Medical chart review/abstraction | Single hospital/healthcare system | All eligible cases in universe | 80.3 |
| Sidebottom A, Vacquier M, LaRusso E, Erickson D, Hardeman R. Perinatal depression screening practices in a large health system: identifying current state and assessing opportunities to provide more equitable care. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2021;24(1):133–144. |
7,548 | Electronic Health Record | Single hospital/healthcare system | All eligible cases in universe | 91.4 |
| Stone SL, Diop H, Declercq E, Cabral HJ, Fox MP, Wise LA. Stressful events during pregnancy and postpartum depressive symptoms. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2015;24(5):384–393. | 5,395 | Patient survey | Population-based, single state | Population representative sample | 94.2 |
| Taylor YJ, Liu TL, Howell EA. Insurance Differences in Preventive Care Use and Adverse Birth Outcomes Among Pregnant Women in a Medicaid Nonexpansion State: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2020;29(1):29–37. | 9,613 | Electronic Health Record | Single hospital/healthcare system | All eligible cases in universe | 67.9 |
| Thiel de Bocanegra H, Chang R, Menz M, Howell M, Darney P. Postpartum contraception in publicly-funded programs and interpregnancy intervals. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;122(2 Pt 1):296–303. | 117,644 | Health insurance claims | Single health plan | All eligible cases in universe | 85.0 |
| Thiel de Bocanegra H, Braughton M, Bradsberry M, Howell M, Logan J, Schwarz EB. Racial and ethnic disparities in postpartum care and contraception in California’s Medicaid program. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;217(1):47.e41–47.e47. |
199,860 | Health insurance claims | Single health plan | All eligible cases in universe | 49.4 |
| Thurman AR, Janecek T. One-year follow-up of women with unfulfilled postpartum sterilization requests. Obstet Gynecol. 2010;116(5):1071–1077.‡ | 1,460 | Medical chart review/abstraction | Single hospital/healthcare system | All eligible cases in universe | -- |
| Upadhya KK, Burke AE, Marcell AV, Mistry K, Cheng TL. Contraceptive service needs of women with young children presenting for pediatric care. Contraception. 2015;92(5):508–512. | 291 | Patient survey | Defined set of clinics but more than 1 | Non-probability sampling | 75.0 |
| Vani K, Facco FL, Himes KP. Pregnancy after periviable birth: making the case for innovative delivery of interpregnancy care. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019;32(21):3577–3580. | 60 | Medical chart review/abstraction | Single hospital/healthcare system | All eligible cases in universe | 52.5 |
| Warner LA, Wei W, McSpiritt E, Sambamoorthi U, Crystal S. Ante- and postpartum substance abuse treatment and antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected women on Medicaid. J Am Med Womens Assoc (1972). 2003;58(3):143–153. | 346 | Health insurance claims | Other | All eligible cases in universe | 37.9 |
| Weir S, Posner HE, Zhang J, Willis G, Baxter JD, Clark RE. Predictors of prenatal and postpartum care adequacy in a medicaid managed care population. Womens Health Issues. 2011;21(4):277–285. | 1,858 | Other | Single health plan | All eligible cases in universe | 60.1 |
| Wilcox A, Levi EE, Garrett JM. Predictors of Non-Attendance to the Postpartum Follow-up Visit. Matern Child Health J. 2016;20(Suppl 1):22–27. | 3,441 | Electronic Health Record | Single hospital/healthcare system | All eligible cases in universe | 67.0 |
| Wilson EK, Fowler CI, Koo HP. Postpartum contraceptive use among adolescent mothers in seven states. J Adolesc Health. 2013;52(3):278–283. | 3,207 | Patient survey | Population-based, multiple states | Population representative sample | 85.9 |
| York R, Tulman L, Brown K. Postnatal care in low-income urban African American women: relationship to level of prenatal care sought. J Perinatol. 2000;20(1):34–40.‡ | 297 | Patient survey | Single hospital/healthcare system | Non-probability sampling | -- |
| Zapata LB, Murtaza S, Whiteman MK, et al. Contraceptive counseling and postpartum contraceptive use. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;212(2):171.e171–178. | 9,536 | Patient survey | Population-based, multiple states | Population representative sample | 92.3 |
Abbreviations: postpartum visit, PPV
†
Sample size not provided for postpartum visit attendance population
‡
Overall postpartum visit attendance rate not provided and could not be calculated based on the information presented in the manuscript
§
Authors calculated the overall postpartum visit attendance rate based on information in manuscript