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. 2022 Jul 14;13:4090. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31590-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Power transmittances of the grating-loaded side couplers for a an ADM with the optimized Drop action (L_dⁱⁿ = 1.5 mm) and b an ADM with the balanced Add/Drop action (L_dⁱⁿ = 6.9 mm) under the In port launching (Plane 1) and the Add port launching (Plane 2) conditions. c Power transmittances of the two grating-loaded side couplers at the Through port (Plane 2) under the In port launching (Plane 1) condition. Inserts schematically show the signal optical paths corresponding to various ADM actions.