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. 2022 Jul 14;13:4076. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31739-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Annotation of ST spots from the original study³⁰, where cell types are predicted by mapping scRNA-seq data to ST data. b Annotations from SpaceFlow, with identified valve structures colored in blue. c The pSM generated by SpaceFlow. d The pSM value versus UMAP component 1 from low-dimensional embeddings colored by annotations from SpaceFlow. e Hierarchically clustered heatmap of top-3 domain-specific genes for spots in all time points. f Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment for the top domain-specific genes (32 genes) in the identified valve structures. Both the color and the length of bars represent the enrichment of GO terms using -log10(p-value) metric from topGO analysis. P values were obtained using the one-sided Fisher’s exact test without multiple-testing correction. P values < 0.005 were considered significant. g Space-constrained CellChat inferred cell-cell communication of MDK (left) and PTN (right) pathways with signals sent from spots in the valve regions.