Table 2.
Results of weighted linear regression modeling for associations of the BLL with BMD at different sites.
| Total spine | Total femur | Femur neck | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 β (95% CI) P value | Model 2 β (95% CI) P value | Model 3 β (95% CI) P value | Model 1 β (95% CI) P value | Model 2 β (95% CI) P value | Model 3 β (95% CI) P value | Model 1 β (95% CI) P value | Model 2 β (95% CI) P value | Model 3 β (95% CI) P value | |
| Per 1 ug/dL increase | 0.046 (-0.053, -0.038) <0.001 | -0.016 (-0.021, -0.012) <0.001 | -0.011 (-0.015, -0.007) <0.001 | -0.026 (-0.033, -0.019) <0.001 | -0.015 (-0.020, -0.010) <0.001 | -0.008 (-0.012, -0.003) 0.001 | -0.022 (-0.028, -0.016) <0.001 | -0.014 (-0.018, -0.009) <0.001 | -0.006 (-0.010, -0.002) 0.005 |
| BLL (Quartile) | |||||||||
| Q1 (0.18-0.59) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Q2 (0.59-0.82) | -0.036 (-0.050, -0.022) <0.001 | -0.008 (-0.017, 0.000) 0.052 | -0.004 (-0.012, 0.003) 0.266 | -0.007 (-0.020, 0.006) 0.283 | -0.002 (-0.011, 0.007) 0.592 | 0.003 (-0.010, 0.008) 0.812 | -0.006 (-0.018, 0.006) 0.304 | -0.002 (-0.011, 0.006) 0.597 | 0.003 (-0.005, 0.011) 0.437 |
| Q3 (0.82-1.20) | -0.071 (-0.085, -0.057) <0.001 | -0.024 (-0.032, -0.015) <0.001 | -0.014 (-0.022, -0.006) <0.001 | -0.034 (-0.047, -0.020) <0.001 | -0.021 (-0.030, -0.012) 0.001 | -0.007 (-0.026, 0.008) 0.114 |
-0.033 (-0.045, -0.020) <0.001 | -0.022 (-0.031, -0.013) <0.001 | -0.008 (-0.016, -0.001) 0.048 |
| Q4 (>1.20) | -0.106 (-0.121, -0.091) <0.001 | -0.031 (-0.040, -0.021) <0.001 | -0.018 (-0.027, -0.010) <0.001 | -0.058 (-0.072, -0.044) <0.001 | -0.031 (-0.041, -0.021) <0.001 | -0.013 (-0.022, -0.004) <0.001 | -0.050 (-0.063, -0.037) <0.001 | -0.028 (-0.037, -0.018) <0.001 | -0.010 (-0.018, -0.001) 0.029 |
| P for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.005 |
| Stratified by age | |||||||||
| 8–13 years | -0.025 (-0.032, -0.018) <0.001 | -0.025 (-0.032, -0.018) <0.001 | -0.014 (-0.020, -0.008) <0.001 | -0.014 (-0.021, -0.008) <0.001 | -0.023 (-0.029, -0.016) <0.001 | -0.010 (-0.015, -0.004) <0.001 | -0.011 (-0.017, -0.005) <0.001 | -0.020 (-0.026, -0.014) <0.001 | -0.007 (-0.012, -0.002) <0.001 |
| 14-19 years | -0.017 (-0.025, -0.009) <0.001 | -0.013 (-0.021, -0.005) 0.001 | -0.013 (-0.020, -0.006) <0.001 | 0.005 (-0.004, 0.014) 0.320 | -0.015 (-0.023, -0.006) 0.001 | -0.011 (-0.019, -0.004) 0.004 | 0.003 (-0.006, 0.012) 0.539 | -0.012 (-0.021, -0.003) 0.006 | -0.009 (-0.017, -0.002) 0.015 |
| Test for interaction | 0.158 | 0.025 | 0.833 | <0.001 | 0.142 | 0.705 | <0.001 | 0.142 | 0.579 |
| Stratified by sex | |||||||||
| Men | -0.021 (-0.031, -0.012) <0.001 | -0.011 (-0.016, -0.005) <0.001 | -0.008 (-0.012, -0.003) <0.001 | -0.020 (-0.029, -0.011) <0.001 | -0.013 (-0.019, -0.007) <0.001 | -0.008 (-0.014, -0.002) 0.006 | -0.017 (-0.025, -0.009) <0.001 | -0.012 (-0.018, -0.006) <0.001 | -0.007 (-0.012, -0.002) 0.002 |
| Women | -0.079 (-0.091, -0.067) <0.001 | -0.029 (-0.037, -0.021) <0.001 | -0.019 (-0.026, -0.012) <0.001 | -0.060 (-0.070, -0.049) <0.001 | -0.024 (-0.032, -0.016) <0.001 | -0.011 (-0.018, -0.004) <0.001 | -0.050 (-0.060, -0.040) <0.001 | -0.020 (-0.028, -0.012) <0.001 | -0.007 (-0.014, 0.001) 0.054 |
| Test for interaction | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.006 | <0.001 | <0.030 | 0.523 | <0.001 | 0.117 | 0.974 |
| Stratified by race/ethnicity | |||||||||
| Mexican American | -0.028 (-0.038, -0.017) <0.001 | 0.019 (-0.026, -0.013) <0.001 | -0.013 (-0.019, -0.007) <0.001 | -0.014 (-0.024, -0.004) 0.005 | -0.015 (-0.022, -0.008) <0.001 | -0.007 (-0.013, -0.001) 0.017 | -0.014 (-0.023, -0.005) 0.001 | -0.015 (-0.022, -0.009) <0.001 | -0.007 (-0.013, -0.002) 0.012 |
| Other Hispanic | -0.035 (-0.059, -0.012) 0.003 | -0.012 (-0.026, 0.002) 0.103 | -0.011 (-0.024, 0.002) 0.103 | -0.016 (-0.037, 0.005) 0.129 | -0.011 (-0.026, 0.003) 0.134 | -0.011 (-0.024, 0.003) 0.136 | -0.007 (-0.026, 0.012) 0.473 | -0.002 (-0.017, 0.013) 0.792 | -0.002 (-0.015, 0.012) 0.823 |
| Non-Hispanic White | -0.051 (-0.067, -0.034) <0.001 | -0.015 (-0.025, -0.005) 0.003 | -0.011 (-0.020, -0.001) 0.024 | -0.031 (-0.046, -0.015) <0.001 | -0.018 (-0.029, -0.007) <0.001 | -0.010 (-0.020, -0.001) 0.042 | -0.027 (-0.041, -0.014) <0.001 | -0.017 (-0.027, -0.006) 0.001 | -0.009 (-0.019, -0.001) 0.048 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | -0.068 (-0.080, -0.057) <0.001 | -0.019 (-0.026, -0.011) <0.001 | -0.012 (-0.019, -0.005) <0.001 | -0.047 (-0.057, -0.036) <0.001 | -0.013 (-0.021, -0.005) 0.001 | -0.005 (-0.012, 0.002) 0.165 | -0.042 (-0.051, -0.032) <0.001 | -0.013 (-0.020, -0.005) 0.001 | -0.005 (-0.012, -0.002) 0.183 |
| Other Race Test for interaction |
-0.046 (-0.085, -0.007) 0.022 <0.001 |
-0.002 (-0.025, 0.021) 0.880 0.556 |
0.004 (-0.018, 0.025) 0.733 0.637 |
-0.024 (-0.060, 0.012) 0.186 0.027 |
-0.004 (-0.029, 0.021) 0.755 0.748 |
-0.001 (-0.022, 0.023) 0.976 0.834 |
-0.013 (-0.045, 0.020) 0.441 0.017 |
0.006 (-0.018, 0.029) 0.646 0.231 |
0.012 (-0.009, 0.032) 0.272 0.334 |
Model 1 unadjusted. Model 2 adjusted for age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Model3 adjusted for age, gender, and race/ethnicity, PIR, body mass index, serum calcium, serum phosphorus. BLL Blood lead levels. BMD bone mineral density. PIR poverty income ratio.