FIGURE 2.

(A) AARS aminoacylation process. In the first step, AARS binds to the ATP and amino acid to form an aminoacyl intermediate. In the last step, the amino acid is transferred onto tRNA resulting in activated tRNA being ready for the translation process. AARS becomes free for the next cycle of aminoacylation. (B) Depicting the molecular structure of terminal adenosine of tRNA and the attack of the hydroxyl group (2′/3′) in AA-AMP intermediates.