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Risk of bias of included studies as assessed by DaB tool.
| Reference | Reporting (n = 7) | External validity (n = 3) | Internal validity – bias (n = 4) | Internal validity – cofounding (n = 2) | Power (n = 1) | Total score | QI score % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cunningham et al. 18 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 64.70 |
| Haller et al. 7 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 52.94 |
| Howard et al. 36 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 64.70 |
| Shitara et al. 17 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 58.82 |
| Zanchi et al. 4 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 47.06 |
n: number of constituent items within each section; QI %: Quality Index %.
