Table 2. Characteristics of Hispanic or Latino Adults at Visit 1 by Mediterranean Diet Adherence .
| Variable | Low adherence group [n = 2112], No. (weighted %) | Moderate adherence group (n = 2795)a | High adherence group (n = 1414)a | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (weighted %) | P value | No. (weighted %) | P value | ||
| Sociodemographic factors at visit 1 | |||||
| Age, mean (95% CI), y | 55.7 (55.2-56.3) | 56.5 (56.0-57.0) | .04 | 56.1 (55.4-56.9) | .36 |
| Female sex | 1360 (59.1) | 1795 (56.9) | .28 | 922 (57.7) | .54 |
| Male sex | 752 (40.9) | 1000 (43.1) | .28 | 492 (42.3) | .54 |
| Household income, $ | |||||
| <20 000 | 1013 (47.5) | 1297 (46.4) | .61 | 624 (43.1) | .11 |
| 20 000-50 000 | 721 (32.0) | 1057 (35.4) | .08 | 563 (37.9) | .01 |
| >50 000 | 197 (9.9) | 217 (9.3) | .64 | 140 (12.6) | .11 |
| Not reported | 181 (10.6) | 224 (8.8) | .14 | 87 (6.3) | .003 |
| Educational level | |||||
| <High school | 770 (35.2) | 1137 (35.3) | .98 | 704 (43.8) | .001 |
| Completed high school | 510 (23.3) | 595 (21.4) | .25 | 229 (16.7) | <.001 |
| >High school | 830 (41.5) | 1053 (43.2) | .39 | 475 (38.9) | .28 |
| Health insurance | 1339 (62.9) | 1405 (51.8) | <.001 | 685 (51.7) | <.001 |
| English as preferred language | 466 (21.6) | 231 (9.6) | <.001 | 91 (7.1) | <.001 |
| US-born | 328 (14.0) | 166 (5.2) | <.001 | 62 (4.4) | <.001 |
| Clinical characteristics at visit 1 | |||||
| History of hypertension | 927 (45.8) | 1052 (41.3) | .02 | 505 (38.5) | .002 |
| History of diabetes | 565 (26.6) | 761 (27.9) | .49 | 427 (29.3) | .26 |
| History of stroke or TIA | 78 (4.5) | 79 (3.3) | .18 | 32 (1.8) | .001 |
| Cholesterol, mean (95% CI), mg/dL | |||||
| Total | 209.4 (206.9-211.8) | 211.1 (208.6-213.6) | .29 | 212.1 (208.2-216.0) | .24 |
| HDL-C | 50.5 (49.6-51.4) | 49.3 (48.7-50.0) | .04 | 49.7 (48.6-50.8) | .27 |
| LDL-C | 130.1 (127.9-132.3) | 132.1 (129.9-134.3) | .19 | 130.9 (127.2-134.6) | .72 |
| Kidney function, mean (95% CI), mL/min/1.73 m2 | 98.7 (97.2-100.1) | 101.5 (100.1-102.9) | .005 | 103.5 (101.6-105.3) | <.001 |
| Current or previous smoking status | 488 (24.0) | 458 (17.5) | <.001 | 147 (10.8) | <.001 |
| Exercise at goal | |||||
| Moderate (>150 min/wk) | 1133 (52.9) | 1556 (55.1) | .27 | 797 (56.7) | .17 |
| Vigorous (>75 min/wk) | 369 (17.1) | 533 (19.3) | .18 | 281 (22.1) | .02 |
| BMI, mean (95% CI) | 30.3 (29.9-30.6) | 29.7 (29.4-30.0) | .01 | 29.4 (29.1-29.8) | <.001 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥30) | 983 (44.7) | 1189 (40.8) | .06 | 624 (40.2) | .07 |
| No. of vascular risk factors, mean (95% CI) | 2.2 (2.1-2.2) | 2.1 (2.0-2.1) | <.001 | 2.0 (1.9-2.1) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
SI conversion factor: To convert HDL-C, LDL-C, and total cholesterol to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0259.
a
P values were calculated using the low adherence group as the reference.