Figure 3.

(a) R_NH3 and NH₃ yield of plasma alone and plasma-catalytic systems (with SiO₂, MCM-41 and catalysts based on them, SEI = 36 kJ/L, Q_gas = 40 mL/min, at 35 °C and 1 bar. Each experiment lasted 3 h). (Errors were derived from three tests under the same condition). (b) Turnover frequency (TOF, of plasma-catalytic systems) as a function of SEI. (c) Logarithmic reaction rate (ln(R_NH3)) vs 1/discharge power_DBD plots for the plasma alone and hybrid systems (based on the MCM-41 support and Ni/MCM-41 catalysts). (d) R_NH3 over Ni/MCM-out as a function of ToS for 150 h (The continuous sampling interval is 20 s). (e) Reported energy yield vs NH₃ concentration in the plasma-catalytic NH₃ synthesis over different metallic catalysts using DBD. Plotted experimental data are reproduced from the works of Bai et al.,³⁹ Barboun et al.,⁴⁰ Gómez-Ramírez et al.,⁴¹ Herrera et al.,⁴² Iwamoto et al.,^43,44 Kim et al.,⁴⁵ Li et al.,⁴⁶ Mizushima et al.,^47,48 Patil et al.,⁴⁹ Peng et al.,^24,50,51 Shah et al.,^23,36 Wang et al.,¹⁷ Xie et al.,⁵² and Zhu et al.⁵³