Table 2. Representative Polymer-Based Photocathodes and Their PEC Performance.
| photocathode design | cathodic photocurrent (mA/cm2 vs RHE) or TON | PEC reaction | pH | ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CNx | ||||
| FTO/B-C3N4/Rh | 0.01 at –0.2 V | CO2 reduction | 7.3 | (121) |
| ITO/P-C3N4 | 1.5% IPCE at 420 nm | – | 7.0 | (102) |
| FTO/def-C3N4 | 0.010 at 0 V | – | 7.0 | (122) |
| FTO/Pt@g-C3N4/GDY | 0.133 at 0 V | water splitting | 7.0 | (123) |
| FTO/NiO-C3N4 | 0.070 at 0.42 V | water splitting | 6.5 | (124) |
| FTO/NiO-C3N4 | 0.020 at 0 V | water splitting | 6.5 | (126) |
| ITO/ZnO-Au-C3N4/Pt | 0.290 at 0 V | water splitting | 6.8 | (127) |
| FTO/Cu-C3N4 | 0.200 at 0.42 V | water splitting | 6.8 | (128) |
| COF and MOF | ||||
| FTO/BDT-ETTA COF/Pt | 0.129 at 0.1 V | water splitting | 10.0 | (133) |
| FTO/g-C18N3-COF/Pt | 0.045 at 0.2 V | water splitting | 6.8/3.0 | (134) |
| FTO/TAPB-TTB | 0.110 at 0 V | water splitting | 7.0 | (136) |
| FTO/Si@TiO2-Zr(NDI) | +0.3 V (photovoltage) | – | 6.0 | (139) |
| FTO/GaP@TiO2-Zr(NDI) | +0.7 V (photovoltage) | – | 6.0 | (139) |
| FTO/csiMOF-6[Re(bipy-tBu)(CO)3Cl] | 78% FE, TON 5 | CO2 reduction | organic | (140) |
| P3HT | ||||
| FTO/P3HT | 0.020 under one sun | – | 0.1 | (143) |
| ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM/MoS3-TiO2 | 0.100 at 0.16 V | – | 0.1 | (144) |
| ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM/C60-MoS3 | 1 at 0.6 V | – | 0.1 | (145) |
| ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM/TiOx-Pt | 1 at –0.1 V | water splitting | 2.0 | (146) |
| FTO/MoO3/BHJ/TiO2/Pt | 3 at 0 V | water splitting | 1.37 | (147) |
| FTO/CuI/P3HT: PCBM/TiO2-Pt | 8 at 0 V | water splitting | 1.0 | (148) |
| others | ||||
| FTO/PTEB | 0.010 at 0 V | water splitting | 6.8 | (154) |
| FTO/PTEB1.3-co-PDET1 | 0.021 at 0 V | water splitting | 6.8 | (154) |
| FTO/pDEB/p(DEB0.9-co-TEB0.1) | 0.055 at 0.3 V | water splitting | 6.8 | (155) |