Figure 30.

(a1) Photograph of mesoporous nitrogen-doped carbon films produced from nematic LCPs coassembled from ChNC and silica. (a2) SEM image of the cross section of the carbon film in (a1), showing a layered structure with embedding carbon nanorods in each layer. (a3) Galvanostatic charge/discharge curves of a typical carbon film in 1 M H₂SO₄ recorded at the different current densities. Adapted with permission from ref (458). Copyright 2014 The Royal Society of Chemistry. (b1) Schematic illustration of the preparation and application of the smart printable inks wherein ChNF was loaded in the aqueous phase as an additive to adjust the rheological behavior of the inks. (b2) (left panel) Viscosity at 0.1 s^–1 and (right panel) yield stress of the inks at different ChNF loading levels (wt %). Adapted with permission from ref (516). Copyright 2020 Elsevier. (c) Schematic illustration of the solvent exchange process that leads to the nucleation and growth of lignin nanoparticles in the presence of shrimp-derived ChNF, used as templating support. Adapted from ref (520). Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society.