Table 5.
Factors associated with household access to individual and combined basic WASH services, 2017–2018
| Variables | Water | Sanitation | Hygiene | Combined WASH | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR | 95% CI | p | aOR | 95% CI | p | aOR | 95% CI | p | aOR | 95% CI | p | |
| Age (years) | ||||||||||||
| < 30 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||
| 30–39 | 1.20 | 1.05–1.38 | 0.008 | 1.71 | 1.37–2.13 | < 0.001 | 1.16 | 0.94–1.43 | 0.155 | 1.88 | 1.2–2.94 | 0.006 |
| 40–49 | 1.19 | 1.04–1.38 | 0.014 | 3.33 | 2.68–4.13 | < 0.001 | 1.49 | 1.22–1.83 | < 0.001 | 4.15 | 2.77–6.21 | < 0.001 |
| 50–59 | 1.17 | 1.01–1.35 | 0.035 | 3.78 | 2.94–4.84 | < 0.001 | 1.51 | 1.22–1.87 | < 0.001 | 4.26 | 2.9–6.26 | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 60 | 1.06 | 0.92–1.22 | 0.431 | 4.80 | 3.76–6.12 | < 0.001 | 1.65 | 1.32–2.06 | < 0.001 | 6.02 | 3.95–9.18 | < 0.001 |
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Male | Ref | Ref | ||||||||||
| Female | 1.13 | 1.01–1.25 | 0.031 | 1.32 | 1.14–1.53 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Level of education | ||||||||||||
| No formal education | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Primary | 1.09 | 0.91–1.30 | 0.336 | 1.22 | 1.01–1.46 | 0.040 | 1.23 | 0.81–1.87 | 0.329 | |||
| Secondary | 1.65 | 1.37–1.98 | < 0.001 | 1.71 | 1.42–2.05 | < 0.001 | 2.92 | 1.99–4.27 | < 0.001 | |||
| Higher | 3.54 | 2.73–4.59 | < 0.001 | 3.18 | 2.50–4.04 | < 0.001 | 9.84 | 6.55–14.77 | < 0.001 | |||
| Wealth index | ||||||||||||
| Poorest | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||
| Poorer | 1.48 | 1.26–1.74 | < 0.001 | 7.61 | 1.48–39.28 | 0.015 | 1.40 | 1.02–1.93 | 0.038 | |||
| Middle | 1.85 | 1.54–2.22 | < 0.001 | 22.13 | 4.55–107.55 | < 0.001 | 1.61 | 1.19–2.19 | 0.002 | |||
| Richer | 2.80 | 2.27–3.45 | < 0.001 | 143.28 | 29.90–686.56 | < 0.001 | 2.18 | 1.58–3.01 | < 0.001 | 19.27 | 2.63–141.13 | 0.004 |
| Richest | 7.06 | 5.38–9.27 | < 0.001 | 651.82 | 136.20–3,119.53 | < 0.001 | 4.93 | 3.54–6.88 | < 0.001 | 380.23 | 55.99–2,581.98 | < 0.001 |
| Household size | ||||||||||||
| ≤ 5 | 1.15 | 1.04–1.28 | 0.007 | |||||||||
| > 5 | Ref | |||||||||||
| Department | ||||||||||||
| Alibori | Ref | 1.86 | 1.12–3.10 | 0.017 | 8.34 | 4.19–16.60 | < 0.001 | 5.27 | 1.10–25.16 | 0.037 | ||
| Atacora | 2.04 | 1.34–3.12 | 0.001 | 1.51 | 0.82–2.78 | 0.181 | 3.45 | 1.60–7.43 | 0.002 | 6.89 | 1.58–29.96 | 0.010 |
| Atlantique | 2.51 | 1.54–4.09 | < 0.001 | 2.13 | 1.43–3.18 | < 0.001 | 10.10 | 5.06–20.15 | < 0.001 | 12.25 | 2.91–51.64 | 0.001 |
| Borgou | 1.74 | 1.16–2.61 | 0.007 | 1.81 | 1.10–2.97 | 0.019 | 9.04 | 4.73–17.28 | < 0.001 | 6.43 | 1.57–26.30 | 0.010 |
| Collines | 2.82 | 1.76–4.51 | < 0.001 | Ref | 10.67 | 5.50–20.69 | < 0.001 | 4.46 | 0.83–24.12 | 0.082 | ||
| Couffo | 1.92 | 1.15–3.22 | 0.013 | 1.65 | 1.00–2.75 | 0.052 | 7.96 | 4.00–15.85 | < 0.001 | 4.20 | 0.83–21.22 | 0.082 |
| Donga | 1.01 | 0.63–1.64 | 0.956 | 1.04 | 0.56–1.93 | 0.912 | 3.72 | 1.64–8.44 | 0.002 | Ref | ||
| Littoral | 32.13 | 14.23–72.56 | < 0.001 | 1.49 | 0.99–2.23 | 0.054 | 9.10 | 4.62–17.92 | < 0.001 | 10.77 | 2.66–43.62 | 0.001 |
| Mono | 3.12 | 1.79–5.43 | < 0.001 | 1.92 | 1.22–3.02 | 0.005 | 2.50 | 1.02–6.11 | 0.044 | 1.65 | 0.29–9.28 | 0.568 |
| Ouémé | 3.28 | 2.05–5.24 | < 0.001 | 2.05 | 1.35–3.11 | 0.001 | 3.20 | 1.60–6.38 | 0.001 | 5.73 | 1.41–23.29 | 0.015 |
| Plateau | 3.48 | 2.17–5.58 | < 0.001 | 3.60 | 2.23–5.81 | < 0.001 | Ref | 2.57 | 0.41–16.05 | 0.311 | ||
| Zou | 3.27 | 2.02–5.27 | < 0.001 | 6.44 | 4.04–10.29 | < 0.001 | 2.19 | 1.08–4.42 | 0.029 | 4.81 | 1.15–20.20 | 0.032 |
aOR Adjusted Odd Ratio, Ref Reference category
For identifying predictors of combined basic WASH services, the categories 'Poorest' and ' Poorer' of the 'Wealth Index' were put together, as well as 'Middle' and 'Richer'