Table 2.

Comparison of outdoor with indoor ECEC play on LPA, MVPA and sedentary time

Study ID	Study Design	Sample size	Risk of bias	Sedentary time	LPA	MVPA
Henderson 2015 [54]	Cross-sectional	447	Low	–	–	◄►
Mazzucca 2018 [53]	Cross-sectional	559	High	▲	▲	▲
Tandon 2015 [49]	Cross-sectional	98	High	▼	▲	▲
Summary effect direction				◄►	▲	▲

Abbreviations: LPA Light intensity physical activity, MVPA Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity

Effect direction: Study level: ▲ = outdoor play benefits outcomes (lower sedentary time; higher physical activity); ▼ = outdoor play not associated with improvements in outcomes (higher sedentary time; lower physical activity); ◄► = conflicting findings

Summary: ▲ = studies show a positive association with outdoor play at ECEC; ◄► = conflicting findings