Table 6.
Comparison of fixed outdoor play equipment at ECEC on physical activity and sedentary time
| Study ID | Study Design | Sample size | Risk of bias | Sedentary time | MVPA | TPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Copeland 2016 [17] | Cross-sectional | 388 | High | – | ■ | – |
| Dowda 2009a [26] | Cross-sectional | 299 | Low | ▼ | ▼ | – |
| Gubbels 2018 [55] | Cross-sectional | 281 | Low | – | ■ | – |
| Määttä 2019 [68] | Cross-sectional | 778 | Low | – | – | ▼ |
| Ng 2020 [27] | Case-control | 297 | High | – | ◄► | ◄► |
| Olesen 2013 [56] | Cross-sectional | 426 | Low | – | ▲ | – |
| Sugiyama 2012 [61] | Cross-sectional | 107 | High | ▲ | ▲ | – |
| Summary effect direction | ◄► | ◄► | ◄► | |||
Abbreviations: MVPA Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, TPA Total physical activity. a = Physical activity promoting v.s. not physical activity promoting ECEC (i.e. ≤ 8 pieces of fixed outdoor play equipment v.s. > 8 pieces of fixed outdoor play equipment)
Effect direction: Study level: ▲ = fixed outdoor play equipment benefits outcomes (lower sedentary time, higher physical activity); ▼ = fixed outdoor play equipment harms outcomes (higher sedentary time, lower physical activity) ◄► = conflicting findings; ■ = (summary) statistics not presented; ‘-‘= outcome not assessed
Summary: ◄► conflicting or inconclusive findings