Table 3.
Effect of nicotine exposure on midpregnancy circulating angiogenic biomarkers (Nicotine exposure study group, n = 2278)
| Nicotine exposure | N | % | Univariable | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sFlt-1 | PlGF | sFlt-1/ PlGF-ratio | |||||||||
| β | 95% CI | P | β | 95% CI | P | β | 95% CI | P | |||
| Snus | 2090 | 0.091 | 0.023 | 0.072 | |||||||
| Never (Ref.) | 1622 | 77.6 | |||||||||
| Stopped before pregnancy | 313 | 15.0 | 0.02 | − 0.01; 0.04 | − 0.02 | − 0.05;0.00 | 0.04 | 0.01;0.07 | |||
| Stopped when recognized pregnancy | 143 | 6.8 | − 0.01 | − 0.05; 0.03 | − 0.03 | − 0.06;0.01 | 0.02 | − 0.03;0.06 | |||
| Current | 12 | 0.6 | − 0.12 | − 0.2;0.00 | − 0.13 | − 0.2;(− 0.01) | 0.01 | − 0.14;0.15 | |||
| Smoke | 2200 | 0.530 | 0.360 | 0.282 | |||||||
| Never (Ref.) | 1702 | 77.3 | |||||||||
| Stopped before pregnancy | 388 | 17.6 | − 0.01 | − 0.03;0.01 | − 0.00 | − 0.03;0.02 | − 0.01 | − 0.04;0.02 | |||
| Stopped when recognized pregnancy | 95 | 4.3 | − 0.02 | − 0.06;0.02 | − 0.02 | − 0.06;0.03 | − 0.01 | − 0.06;0.05 | |||
| Current | 15 | 0.7 | − 0.04 | − 0.14;0.07 | 0.084 | − 0.02;0.19 | − 0.12 | − 0.3;0.01 | |||
| Nicotine exposure | N | % | Multivariable | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sFlt-1 | PlGF | sFlt-1/ PlGF-ratio | ||||||||||||
| Β | 95% CI | P | Pinteraction | Β | 95% CI | P | Pinteraction | Β | 95% CI | P | Pinteraction | |||
| Snus | 2090 | 0.157 | 0.116 | 0.020 | 0.031 | 0.271 | 0.233 | |||||||
| Never (Ref.) | 1622 | 77.6 | ||||||||||||
| Stopped before pregnancy | 313 | 15.0 | 0.00 | − 0.02;0.03 | − 0.03 | − 0.05;0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00;0.06 | ||||||
| Stopped when recognized pregnancy | 143 | 6.8 | − 0.02 | − 0.06;0.01 | − 0.03 | − 0.06;0.01 | 0.004 | − 0.04;0.05 | ||||||
| Current | 12 | 0.6 | − 0.11 | − 0.20;0.01 | − 0.12 | − 0.20;0.00 | 0.007 | − 0.14;0.15 | ||||||
| Smoke | 2200 | 0.530 | 0.552 | 0.248 | 0.104 | 0.228 | 0.361 | |||||||
| Never (Ref.) | 1702 | 77.3 | ||||||||||||
| Stopped before pregnancy | 388 | 17.6 | − 0.01 | − 0.03;0.01 | − 0.00 | − 0.03;0.02 | − 0.008 | − 0.04;0.02 | ||||||
| Stopped when recognized pregnancy | 95 | 4.3 | − 0.02 | − 0.06;0.02 | − 0.02 | − 0.06;0.03 | − 0.005 | − 0.06;0.05 | ||||||
| Current | 15 | 0.7 | − 0.03 | − 0.14;0.07 | 0.1 | − 0.06;0.20 | − 0.13 | − 0.3;(− 0.003) | ||||||
Uni- and multivariable linear regression analyses on log transformed biomarker concentrations. Multivariable linear regression analyses are adjusted for fetal sex, gestational age, maternal age, prepregnancy BMI and parity (N = 2200). Global p-values are shown
B, beta coefficient; CI, confidence interval, N, number; P, global p-value; Pinteraction, interaction term between fetal sex and snus use on biomarker levels; PlGF, Placental Growth Factor; Ref., reference group; sFlt-1, Soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor 1