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. 2022 Jul 15;13:295. doi: 10.1186/s13287-022-02975-0

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — BMSC-Exos mediated macrophage polarization via miR-23a-3p. A, B Representative fluorescence images of CD163 expression and integrated optical density (IOD) in M1 macrophages treated with BMSC-Exos mimic or BMSC-Exos NC for 48 h. n = 3. C–J The mRNA expression of M1 markers (iNOS, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) and M2 markers (CD163, IL-10, TGF-β, and Arg1) in LPS+IFNγ stimulated macrophages after incubation with BMSC-Exos NC or BMSC-Exos mimic for 48 h. n = 6. K–M Protein levels of M1 markers (iNOS) and M2 markers (Arg1) in LPS+IFNγ-stimulated macrophages after incubation with BMSC-Exos NC or BMSC-Exos mimic for 48 h. n = 3. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed with Student’s t test and one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.