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. 2022 Jul 15;13:293. doi: 10.1186/s13287-022-02983-0

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Retinal therapeutic effects of MSC-sEV on diabetic rats. A Representative retinal H&E staining images after treatment. Scale bars, 100 μm. B Retinal thickness analysis of each group (n = 6). C Representative images of immunohistochemistry staining of cleaved caspase-3. Scale bars, 100 μm. D Western blot analysis for the retinal expression of PCNA, Bcl-2 and Bax. E Retinal MDA and SOD levels measurement (n = 3). F Representative images of retinal immunohistochemistry staining of NRF2. Scale bars, 100 μm. G QRT-PCR for the relative mRNA levels of NRF2-related genes (n = 3). H Western blot analysis for the retinal expression of GPX1, NQO1, HO-1 and NRF2. All data are presented as means ± SEM. ns, not significant, ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01 and ^***P < 0.001