Table 4.
Moderator analysis for the effects of TCE on measurement outcomes.
| Variables | Balance outcomes | Gait outcomes | Motor symptoms | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BBS | OLBB | TUG | Gait velocity | 6 MWT | Stride length | Cadence | Step length | UPDRS–III | |
| Hedges'g (95%CI) | Hedges'g (95%CI) | Hedges'g (95%CI) | Hedges'g (95%CI) | Hedges'g (95%CI) | Hedges'g (95%CI) | Hedges'g (95%CI) | Hedges'g (95%CI) | Hedges'g (95%CI) | |
| PEDro score | |||||||||
| ≥6 <6 |
0.88 (0.38–1.38) 0.68 (−0.68 to 2.04) |
1.11 (0.20–2.03) 0.39 (0.01–0.76) |
−0.80 (−1.2– −0.41) −0.80 (−1.52– −0.08) |
0.31 (0.14–0.47) 0.23 (−0.78–1.24) |
0.41 (0.04–0.79) 0.31 (−0.44 to 1.05) |
0.19 (−0.09–0.46) 0.32 (−0.15–0.80) |
−0.09 (−0.41–0.23) 0.18 (−0.43–0.79) |
0.02 (−0.30–0.34) – |
−0.76 (−1.09– −0.43) −0.83 (−1.24– 0.41) |
| Exercise type | |||||||||
| Tai Chi Qigong |
0.79 (0.38–1.21) 0.89 (−0.36 −2.15) |
– 0.49 (0.14–0.84) |
−0.82 (−1.23– −0.40) −0.77 (−1.40– −0.14) |
0.28 (0.01–0.54) 0.27 (−0.37–0.92) |
0.27 (−0.58–1.12) 0.34 (−0.07–0.74) |
0.19 (−0.15–0.53) 0.23 (−0.09–0.54) |
−0.09 (−0.41–0.23) 0.18 (−0.43–0.79) |
0.02 (−0.30–0.34) – |
−0.70 (−1.05– −0.35) −0.97 (−1.50– −0.44) |
| Type of control group | |||||||||
| Active control Non-active control |
0.73 (0.09–1.37) 1.04 (0.69–1.38) |
0.54 (−0.08–1.15) 0.49 (−0.06–1.04) |
−0.77 (−1.19– −0.36) −0.95 (−1.27– −0.63) |
0.27 (0.11–0.43) 0.26 (−0.87–1.39) |
0.23 (−0.22–0.68) 0.54 (−0.04–1.11) |
0.19 (−0.09–0.46) 0.32 (−0.15–0.80) |
−0.11 (−0.45–0.24) 0.11 (−0.37–0.60) |
0.02 (−0.33–0.37) – |
−0.84 (−1.24– −0.43) −0.68 (−1.6– −0.29) |
| Exercise frequency | |||||||||
| ≥3 sessions/week <3 sessions/week |
1.07 (0.20–1.93) 0.62 (0.18–1.06) |
−0.62 (0.23–1.02) 0.02 (−0.72–0.77) |
−0.96 (−1.43– −0.49) −0.62 (−1.06– −0.19) |
0.38 (−0.19–0.60) 0.23 (−0.08–0.53) |
0.76 (−0.02–1.53) 0.25 (−0.06–0.55) |
0.21 (−0.13–0.55) 0.21 (−0.09–0.50) |
0.11 (−0.37–0.60) −0.11 (−0.64–0.43) |
– 0.02 (−0.61–0.66) |
−0.83 (−1.31– −0.36) −0.73 (−1.11– −0.36) |
| Exercise duration | |||||||||
| >12weeks ≤ 12weeks |
0.97 (0.26–1.69) 0.66 (0.05–1.27) |
0.02 (−0.72–0.77) 0.62 (0.23–1.02) |
−0.67 (−1.06– −0.28) −0.96 (−1.54– −0.39) |
0.22 (−0.03–0.46) 0.64 (−0.66–1.94) |
0.32 (0.03–0.61) 0.27 (−0.58–1.12) |
0.23 (−0.05–0.50) 0.16 (−0.28–0.59) |
−0.09 (−0.41–0.23) 0.18 (−0.43–0.79) |
0.02 (−0.41–0.45) – |
−0.82 (−1.20– −0.44) −0.67 (−1.13– −0.21) |
| Number of sessions | |||||||||
| <48 sessions ≥48 sessions |
0.79 (0.24–1.34) 0.88 (0.05–1.71) |
0.50 (0.05–0.92) 0.48 (−0.13–1.10) |
−1.05 (−1.63– −0.47) −0.61 (−0.98– −0.24) |
−0.21 (−0.71–0.28) 0.37 (0.09–0.64) |
0.54 (−0.04–1.11) 0.23 (−0.22–0.68) |
0.10 (−0.37–0.57) 0.24 (−0.03–0.50) |
– −0.03 (−0.31–0.25) |
– 0.02 (−0.41–0.45) |
−0.68 (−0.91– −0.45) −0.85 (−1.30– −0.40) |
UPDRS-III, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III; BBS, Berg Balance Scales; OLBB, one legged blind balance; 6MWT, 6min walking test; TUG, time up and go test.