TABLE 2.
Study characteristics of the included studies (n = 59)
| Study | Country | N | Sex (M/F) | Age (years) | BMI (kg/m2) | Muscle mass (kg) | Surgery type | Timepoints | Methods | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arhire (2018) | Romania | 75 | 13/62 | 42.1 ± 11.5 | 45.15 ± 6.78 | 65.58 ± 12.42 | SG | pre, 6 months, 12 months | DXA | LBM |
| Bazzocchi (2015) | Italy | 41 | 0/41 | 40.6 ± 10.0 | 42.6 ± 6.6 | 53.37 ± 11.15 | RYGB | pre, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months | DXA | LBM |
| Beckman (2017) | USA | 32 | 0/32 | 47 ± 12 | 48 ± 7 | 61 ± 10 | RYGB | pre, 6–9 months, 12 months | DXA | LBM |
| Bellicha (2019) | France | 45 | 0/45 | 43 [38–51] | 42.6 [40.0–45.5] | 56.4 [51.8–61.2] | RYGB | pre, 6 months | DXA | LBM |
| Blom‐Høgestøl (2020) | Norway | 34 | 13/21 | 45.2 ± 9.7 | 40.9 ± 3.5 | 61.1 ± 11.2 | RYGB | pre, 12 months | DXA | LBM |
| Bojsen‐Møller (2015) | Denmark | 9 | 3/6 | 32 [29–46] | 39.2 (35.2, 43.3) | 64 (57, 71) | RYGB | pre, 3 months | DXA | FFM |
| Brzozowska (2020) | Australia | 39 | 12/27 |
RYGB: 51.1 ± 7.6 SG: 51 ± 11BAND: 42.3 ± 13.1 |
RYGB: 42.3 ± 7.7SG: 42.6 ± 5.3BAND: 37.3 ± 4.5 | RYGB: 56.1 ± 11SG: 59.7 ± 8.1BAND: 51.3 ± 6.7 | RYGB (n = 7), SG (n = 21), BAND (n = 11) | Pre, 6 months, 12 months, 24 months, 36 months | DXA | LBM |
| Busetto (2000) | Italy | 6 | 0/6 | 38 to 42 | 42.6 ± 1.1 | 65.4 ± 1.3 | BAND | pre, 8 weeks, 24 weeks | MRI | FFM |
| Calleja‐Fernández (2015) | Spain | 46 | 7/39 | 45.43 ± 9.56 | 45.77 ± 5.10 |
LBM: 53.13 ± 9.30 FFM: 56.27 ± 8.58 |
BPD | pre, 12 months | DXA | LBM, FFM |
| Carrasco (2009) | Chile | 42 | 0/42 | 37.7 ± 9.6 | 45.0 ± 4.3 | 58.9 ± 5.8 | RYGB | pre, 6 months, 12 months | DXA | FFM |
| Chen (2021) | China | 49 | 29/20 | 28 [23.5–35.0] | 40.0 ± 5.4 | 60.7 ± 11.9 | SG | Pre, 6 months, 12 months | DXA | LBM |
| Ciangura (2010) | France | 42 | 0/42 | 39.5 ± 11.6 | 44.6 ± 6.1 | 61.5 ± 7.8 | RYGB | pre, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months | DXA | LBM |
| Clements (2011) | USA | 16 | 1/15 | 46 ± 7.5 | 43.6 ± 4.2 | 54 ± 8.1 | RYGB | pre, 2 weeks, 8 weeks | DXA | LBM |
| Cole (2017) | USA | 5 | 0/5 | 47.2 ± 10.9 | 48.8 ± 9.7 | LBM: 63.5 ± 13.2FFM: 66.4 ± 13.9 | RYGB | pre, 6 weeks, 6 months, 12 months, 9y | DXA | LBM, FFM |
| Coupaye (2005) | France | 36 | 0/36 | 42.7 ± 8.7 | 47.2 ± 8.5 | 54.4 ± 7.1 | BAND | pre, 12 months | DXA | LBM |
| Coupaye (2007) | France | 32 | 0/32 | 42.6 ± 8.4 | 45.5 ± 6.4 | 25.7 ± 4.6 | BAND | pre, 12 months | DXA | SMM |
| Davidson (2018) | USA | 93 | 14/79 | 44.2 ± 11.6 | Male: 44.7 ± 4.1Female: 45.7 ± 4.1 | RYGB: 25.3 ± 3.3SG: 28.6 ± 4.8BAND: 23.6 ± 4.0 RYGB: 36.8 ± 3.3 | RYGB (n = 72), SG (n = 11), BAND (n = 10) | pre, 12 months, 24 months, 60 months | MRI | SMM |
| Diniz‐Sousa (2020) | Portugal | 20 | 4/16 | 46.5 ± 8.5 | 46.1 ± 4.2 | 53 (51.7, 54.5) | RYGB, SG | Pre, 1 month, 6 months, 12 months | DXA | LBM |
| Faucher (2019) | France | 279 | 64/215 | G1: 63.7 ± 2.7G2: 42.6 ± 9.7 | G1: 44.5 ± 5.1 G2: 44.2 ± 5.4 | G1: 58.6 ± 9.4G2: 61.4 ± 10.9 | RYGB, SG | pre, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months | DXA | LBM |
| Favre (2018) | Switzerland | 44 | 0/44 | G1: 37.2 ± 9.5 G2: 38.5 ± 11.2 G3: 44.9 ± 3.8 | G1: 42.5 ± 4.4G2: 41.7 ± 3.5G3: 39.9 ± 6.4 | G1: 49.08 ± 6.96G2: 50.46 ± 6.92G3: 56.22 ± 5.57 | RYGB | pre, 12 months | DXA | LBM |
| Fjeldborg (2015) | Denmark | 31 | 12/19 | 43.9 ± 7.7 | 42.3 ± 4.7 | 67.1 ± 12.8 | RYGB | pre, 12 months | DXA | LBM |
| Garrapa (2005) | Italy | 15 | 4/11 | 32.5 ± 3.8 | 42.2 ± 0.9 | 55.98 (3.02) | BAND | pre, 6 months | DXA | FFM |
| Hayashi (2017) | Japan | 14 | 4/10 | G1: 43.3 ± 7.3G2: 64.6 ± 0.5 | G1: 45.1 ± 7.5G2:43.2 ± 4.8 | G1: 63.4 ± 10.8G2: 37.9 ± 32.9 | SG | pre 12 months | DXA | LBM |
| Hirsch (2020) | USA | 21 | NR | 43.7 ± 10.7 | 51.2 ± 13.7 | 59.4 ± 9.2 | RYGB, SG | Pre, 3 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks | DXA | FFM |
| Jacobsen (2013) | Denmark | 12 | 3/9 | NR | 39.2 ± 1.8 | NR | RYGB | pre, 3 months | DXA | FFM |
| Johnson (2017) | USA | 25 | 0/25 | 48 ± 10 | 46.6 ± 6.8 | 52.3 ± 11.6 | RYGB | pre, 6 months, 12 months | DXA | FFM |
| Jorsal (2020) | Denmark | 20 | 5/15 | 47 [39–50] | 43.4 [39.7–47.0] | 57.4 [52.2–66.4] | RYGB | Pre, 3 months | DXA | FFM |
| Kayser (2017) | France | 59 | 0/59 | RYGB: 37.3 ± 1.9BAND: 34.5 ± 1.6 | RYGB: 46.5 ± 1.0BAND: 43.6 ± 0.7 | RYGB: 58.9 (1.2)BAND: 55.5 (1.4) | RYGB (n = 37), BAND (n = 22) | pre, 1 month, 3 months | DXA | FFM |
| Kenngott (2019) | Germany | 31 | 13/18 | 46.4 ± 9.7 | 45.2 ± 6.5 | 22.5 ± 4.7 | RYGB (n = 11), SG (n = 20) | pre, 3 months, 12 months | MRI | SMM |
| Khoo (2014) | USA | 30 | 10/20 | 49.6 ± 1.4 | 43.4 ± 0.8 | 63.0 ± 20.5 | RYGB | pre, 6 months, 12 months | DXA | FFM |
| Kim (2020) | USA | 44 | 10/34 | 45 ± 12 | 44 ± 7 | 62 ± 12 | RYGB | pre, 6 months | DXA | LBM |
| Legro (2012) | USA | 29 | 0/29 | 34.5 ± 4.3 | 49 ± 7 | 57 ± 5 | RYGB | pre, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, 24 months | DXA | LBM |
| Lubrano (2004) | Italy | 45 | 17/28 | 19 to 49 | 47.7 ± 6.4 | 62.3 ± 11.1 | RYGB | pre, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months, 24 months, 36 months | DXA | LBM |
| Maïmoun (2019) | France | 30 | 5/25 | 40.9 ± 15.1 | 41.9 ± 4.5 | 59.8 ± 8.9 | SG | pre, 1 months, 12 months | DXA | LBM |
| Marengo (2017) | Spain | 38 | 0/38 | 46.3 ± 8.2 | 42.91 ± 3.62 | 54.97 ± 4.83 | RYGB | pre, 12 months, 36 months | DXA | LBM |
| Matos (2020) | Brazil | 17 | 0/17 | 41.2 ± 11 | 42.0 ± 3.6 | 57.2 ± 11.1 | RYGB | Pre, 6 months | DXA | LBM |
| Mingrone (2002) | Italy | 46 | 15/31 | 30 to 45 | Male: 48.0 ± 5.4Female: 48.3 ± 6.3 | Male: 88.7 ± 8.1Female: 59.3 ± 5.6 | BPD | pre, 12 months | DXA | FFM |
| Moehlecke (2017) | Brazil | 30 | 5/25 | 43 ± 12 | 49 (9) | 80 (4) | RYGB | pre, 6 months | DXA | FFM |
| Moizé (2013) | Spain | 50 | 9/41 | RYGB: 43.0 ± 2.0SG: 45.0 ± 2.9 | RYGB: 45.5 ± 0.6SG: 47.2 ± 1.0 | RYGB: 53.5 (1.6)SG: 59.6 (2.2) | RYGB (n = 25), SG (n = 25) | pre, 4 months, 12 months | DXA | LBM |
| Nielsen (2021) | Denmark | 41 | 6/35 | 39.6 ± 9.5 | 40.8 ± 1.2 | 68.0 (1.4) | RYGB, SG | Pre, 6 months, 18 months | DXA | FFM |
| Olbers (2006) | Sweden | 83 | NR | NR | RYGB: 42.3 ± 4.5BAND: 42.6 ± 4.2 | RYGB: 54.9 ± 8.9BAND: 56.3 ± 9.1 | RYGB (n = 37), BAND (n = 46) | pre, 12 months | DXA | LBM |
| Oppert (2018) | France | 22 | 0/22 | 43.9 ± 10.7 | 43.6 ± 6.2 | 55.6 ± 8.4 | RYGB | pre, 6 months | DXA | LBM |
| Rabl (2014) | USA | 20 | 4/16 | RYGB: 47.4 ± 8.7BAND: 49.0 ± 10.7 | RYGB: 48.4 ± 6.8BAND: 44.3 ± 5.0 | RYGB: 61.9 ± 15.4BAND: 59.0 ± 7.6 | RYGB, BAND | pre, 2 weeks, 6 months | DXA | LBM |
| Raffaelli (2015) | Italy | 8 | 0/8 | 34 ± 4 | 51.2 ± 7.95 | 68.47 ± 21.26 | BPD | pre, 6 months | DXA | FFM |
| Sajoux (2019) | Spain | 39 | 2/37 | 40.8 ± 10.4 | 45.6 ± 6.2 | 56.7 ± 9.9 | RYGB (n = 15), BPD (n = 15), SG (n = 19) | pre, 2–3 months, 4–6 months | DXA | FFM |
| Savastano (2010) | Italy | 45 | 0/45 | 35.3 ± 9.1 | 42.1 ± 4.1 | 60.1 ± 6.1 | BAND | pre, 6 months, 12 months | DXA | FFM |
| Sergi (2003) | Italy | 6 | 0/6 | 38 to 42 | 42.8 ± 1.0 | 55.2 ± 2.4 | BAND | pre, 2 months, 6 months | DXA | FFM |
| Tacchino (2003) | Italy | 101 | 0/101 | 41 ± 8 | 45.5 ± 7.7 | 58.0 ± 6.6 | BPD | pre, 2 months, 6 months, 12 months, 24 months | DXA | LBM |
| Talalaj (2020) | Poland | 155 | 38/117 | 42.0 ± 10.5 | 43.9 ± 5.6 | 64.5 ± 10.6 | SG | pre, 12 months | DXA | LBM |
| Tamboli (2010) | USA | 29 | 4/25 | 43.8 ± 9.6 | 46.3 ± 5.5 | 62.9 ± 10.2 | RYGB | pre, 6 months, 12 months | DXA | LBM |
| Tan (2016) | Singapore | 22 | 6/13 | 40.6 ± 2.1 | 38.8 ± 1.3 | 56.56 (2.23) | RYGB (n = 10), SG (n = 12) | pre, 12 months | DXA | FFM |
| Turcotte (2019) | Canada | 16 | 5/11 | 41.6 ± 8.8 | 49.4 ± 5.6 | 69.5 ± 16.1 | BPD | pre, 3 months, 12 months | DXA | FFM |
| Vatier (2012) | France | 86 | 19/67 | 42.3 ± 10.3 | 48.1 ± 5.9 | 68.8 ± 12.8 | RYGB | pre, 6 months, 12 months | DXA | LBM |
| Vaurs (2015) | France | 114 | 21/93 | 39.6 ± 11.7 | 43.3 ± 5.4 | 57.0 ± 10.5 | RYGB (n = 70), SG (n = 44) | pre, 3 months, 12 months | DXA | LBM |
| Vilarrasa (2011) | Spain | 59 | 0/59 | 46.0 ± 8.2 | 43.9 ± 4.2 | 54.1 ± 5.5 | RYGB | pre, 12 months, 36 months | DXA | LBM |
| Von Scholten (2017) | Denmark | 19 | 5/14 | 40 ± 9.3 | 41 ± 6 | 66.2 ± 12.2 | RYGB | pre, 6 months | DXA | LBM |
| Werling (2015) | Sweden | 6 | 0/6 | 41.1 (28.8 to 50) | 41.4 (39.1 to 44.8) | 55.9 (47.5 to 59.3) | RYGB | pre, 10 days, 3 months, 20 months | DXA | LBM |
| Zhang X (2018) | China | 128 | 48/80 | 32.23 ± 10.52 | 39.66 ± 6.23 | 56.20 ± 11.81 | SG | pre, 6 months | DXA | LBM |
| Zhang Y (2017) | China | 37 | 18/19 | G1: 42.71 ± 14.13G2: 29.04 ± 5.85 | G1: 37.79 ± 4.87G2: 40.56 ± 4.54 | G1: 55.29 ± 11.02G2: 62.92 ± 12.12 | SG | pre, 3 months | DXA | LBM |
Note: Data are displayed as mean ± SD, mean (SE), median [IQR 25%–75%], mean (LCI, UCI), or as (minimum to maximum).
Abbreviations: BAND, adjustable gastric banding; BPD, biliopancreatic diversion; DXA, dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry; FFM, fat‐free mass; G1/G2/G3, group 1, 2, or 3 (when data are split based on patient characteristics); LBM, lean body mass; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NR, not reported. RYGB, Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass; SG, sleeve Gastrectomy; SMM, skeletal muscle mass.