Figure 1.

Illustration of standing waves on the background magnetic field. (a) Coordinate system. (b) Structure of the ξ _ν , ξ _ϕ , E _ν , E _ϕ , and B _μ components of symmetric waves. The fundamental mode is considered. (c) Structure of the B _ν and B _ϕ components of symmetric waves. Fundamental toroidal (T1) and poloidal (P1) waves have this structure. (d, e) same as (b, c) but for antisymmetric waves. The second harmonic wave is considered. Second harmonic poloidal (P2) waves have this structure.