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The mechanism of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The ubiquitin-proteasome system comprises three types of enzymes. The ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 binds with ubiquitin and then transfers it to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2, which further cooperates with three types of ubiquitin-protein ligase E3 to transport ubiquitin to substrates through different mechanisms. Finally, the labeled substrates are recognized by proteosomes for degradation.
