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. 2022 Jul 1;13:928794. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.928794

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

The role of typical Plasma membrane-localized E3 ligases in cancer. RNF34, REFL, RNF34, and NEURL1 are four plasma membrane-localized E3 ligases. They regulate carcinogenesis through various pathways, including cell growth and proliferation, migration, cell metastasis, apoptosis, inflammatory response, and immune response.