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. 2022 Jan 13;66(6):2100764. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.202100764

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Milk‐derived EVs reduced sGAG release and catabolic gene expression in OA‐cartilage explants ex vivo. Cartilage explants were made from cartilage obtained from OA patients undergoing total knee replacements. In an attempt to minimize the variation between donors, intact cartilage (macroscopically) was chosen from the knee replacement material. A) Quantification of sGAG released into the culture supernatant over 72 h. B) CMEVs reduce the sGAG release, presented as Δ increase compared to T = 24 h (before addition of stimuli). Averages of four patients is shown. C) Individual patients plotted, circles are T = 24 h, squares are T = 48 h, dark grey are PBS controls, light gray are CMEV‐stimulated explants. D) Gene expression analysis for MMP‐1, MMP‐3, MMP‐13, and TIMP‐3, measured at T = 72 h, plotted as fold change of CMEVs over PBS control. Error bars represent mean ±SEM (N = 4 donors), * p > 0.05, ** p>0.005.