TABLE 1.

Differential diagnosis for pregnancy‐related AKI in kidney transplant recipients based on pregnancy trimester

Pregnancy trimester	Differential diagnosis
First trimester	Hyperemesis gravidarum Septic abortion/early miscarriages Medication‐related
Second trimester	Preeclampsia/eclampsia Pyelonephritis HELLP syndrome Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome Recurrent glomerulonephritis (membranous nephropathy, lupus nephritis)
Third trimester	HELLP syndrome Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome Preeclampsia/eclampsia Recurrent glomerulonephritis (membranous nephropathy, lupus nephritis) Obstructive uropathy Placental abruption Placental hemorrhage Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
Peripartum	Bleeding with an atonic uterus Uterine rupture Obstetrical trauma
Postpartum	Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use Puerperal sepsis Recurrent glomerulonephritis like lupus nephritis Postpartum cardiomyopathy

Abbreviations: HELLP, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets.