TABLE 3.

Risk factors for pregnancy‐related AKI in kidney transplant recipients

Solitary kidney Susceptibility to volume depletion due to autoregulation impairment Immunological risk factors Increased risk of abdominal compartment syndrome depending on the number of transplants or multiorgan transplants, etiology of end‐stage kidney disease such as polycystic disease or multiple gestations. Long term exposure to medications such as calcineurin inhibitors that cause acute vasoconstriction and nephrotoxicity Increase of urinary reflux during pregnancy in addition to inherent risk with transplant ureter Increased risk of acute urinary retention and ureteral strictures Exposure to nephrotoxic antimicrobials and immunoglobulins Increased risk of viral infections such as polyomavirus nephropathy and cytomegalovirus Possible recurrences of glomerulonephritis, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and antiphospholipid syndrome Hematological causes such as antiphospholipid syndrome, hypercoagulable state, and renal vein thrombosis Vascular causes such as renal artery stenosis Increased likelihood for post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder and requiring nephrotoxic chemotherapy agents