FIGURE 1.

Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) isoforms and NR3C1 polymorphisms. GRα is known as the classical GR, consists of nine exons, and has three main domains, N‐terminal transactivation domain (Exon 2) (NTD), a central DNA‐binding domain (Exons 3 and 4) (DBD), and a C‐terminal ligand‐binding domain (Exons 5–9) (LBD). Alternative splicing, translation initiation mechanisms, and posttranslational modifications result in multiple isoforms: GRβ, GRγ, GR‐A, and GR‐P. The location of four NR3C1 polymorphisms, N363S and BclI, associated with glucocorticoid hypersensitivity, and exon 9β and ER22/23EK, associated with glucocorticoid hyposensitivity, is illustrated. DBD, central DNA‐binding domain; H, hinge region; LBD, C‐terminal ligand‐binding domain; NTD, N‐terminal transactivation domain