Appendix Table A2:
Analysis of Discrimination Against Younger Applicants
| Female |
Male |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Admin | Sales | Janitor | Sales | Security | ||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Baseline discrimination | 0.048 | 0.074 | 0.115 | 0.077 | 0.090 | |
|
| ||||||
| Health stereotypes | Predicted sign | |||||
|
| ||||||
| Attractive | Negative | 0.004 | −0.000 | 0.007 | −0.010 | −0.000 |
| (0.003) | (0.010) | (0.022) | (0.009) | (0.012) | ||
| Hearing | Negative | −0.002 | −0.009 | 0.036 * | −0.005 | −0.005 |
| (0.002) | (0.007) | (0.015) | (0.006) | (0.008) | ||
| Memory | Negative | −0.001 | 0.011 | 0.024 | 0.001 | 0.009 |
| (0.003) | (0.008) | (0.020) | (0.008) | (0.009) | ||
| Physical Ability | Negative | −0.002 | 0.003 | 0.025 | −0.006 | 0.001 |
| (0.003) | (0.009) | (0.022) | (0.009) | (0.009) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Personality stereotypes | Predicted sign | |||||
|
| ||||||
| Adaptable | Negative | −0.003 | 0.028 ** | 0.021 | 0.008 | −0.002 |
| (0.003) | (0.010) | (0.026) | (0.009) | (0.011) | ||
| Careful | Positive | 0.005 | −0.022 * | −0.026 | −0.004 | 0.002 |
| (0.003) | (0.009) | (0.022) | (0.009) | (0.010) | ||
| Creative | Negative | −0.003 | 0.016 | −0.020 | −0.015 | 0.010 |
| (0.003) | (0.008) | (0.023) | (0.008) | (0.012) | ||
| Dependable | Positive | −0.006 * | −0.001 | 0.003 | −0.013 | 0.010 |
| (0.003) | (0.008) | (0.018) | (0.008) | (0.009) | ||
| Personality | Positive/Negative | −0.002 | −0.010 | 0.018 | −0.001 | 0.004 |
| (0.003) | (0.008) | (0.023) | (0.008) | (0.010) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Skills stereotypes | Predicted sign | |||||
|
| ||||||
| Ability to Learn | Negative | 0.000 | −0.007 | −0.056 * | −0.004 | −0.008 |
| (0.003) | (0.010) | (0.027) | (0.010) | (0.012) | ||
| Communication Skills | Positive/Negative | 0.005 | −0.007 | 0.085 * | 0.014 | −0.023 |
| (0.003) | (0.011) | (0.037) | (0.011) | (0.014) | ||
| Experienced | Positive | 0.002 | −0.003 | −0.018 | −0.008 | 0.005 |
| (0.002) | (0.006) | (0.015) | (0.006) | (0.006) | ||
| Productive | Positive/Negative | −0.004 | −0.003 | −0.011 | 0.015 | −0.018 |
| (0.003) | (0.008) | (0.025) | (0.009) | (0.011) | ||
| Technology | Positive | 0.002 | −0.005 | −0.035 | −0.003 | −0.001 |
| (0.003) | (0.008) | (0.018) | (0.007) | (0.009) | ||
|
| ||||||
| N | 14136 | 2834 | 646 | 3274 | 1804 | |
|
| ||||||
| Adjusted R2 | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.082 | 0.042 | 0.093 | |
Note: See notes to Table 4. The difference is that the outcome is now defined as discrimination against younger applicants. Note that the sample sizes do not add up because we do not observe reverse discrimination in all city-occupation cells, so those observations are excluded from the probit.
*
indicates that the estimate is statistically significant at the 5% level.
**
indicates that the estimate is statistically significant at the 1% level.