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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Labor Econ. 2022 May 20;40(3):613–667. doi: 10.1086/717730

Appendix Table B1A:

Varying the Number of Words in Phrases, Women, Effects on Discrimination Against Older Applicants

Middle-Admin Middle-Sales Old-Admin Old-Sales
# words in phrase 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)

Health stereotypes

Attractive (+) −0.006 −0.004 −0.007 −0.009 −0.008 −0.014 0.002 −0.001 −0.007 0.013 0.023 0.018
(0.007) (0.007) (0.007) (0.020) (0.021) (0.022) (0.007) (0.007) (0.008) (0.015) (0.015) (0.016)
Hearing (+) 0.003 0.002 −0.001 0.009 0.003 0.001 −0.002 0.001 −0.003 0.023 0.021 0.028 *
(0.005) (0.004) (0.005) (0.015) (0.015) (0.014) (0.005) (0.005) (0.005) (0.012) (0.011) (0.011)
Memory (+) −0.007 −0.007 −0.006 −0.023 0.006 0.002 −0.007 −0.009 −0.007 −0.003 0.010 0.009
(0.006) (0.006) (0.006) (0.019) (0.020) (0.020) (0.006) (0.006) (0.006) (0.016) (0.015) (0.015)
Physical Ability (+) −0.014 * −0.010 −0.010 −0.051 * −0.031 −0.030 0.008 −0.001 −0.003 −0.001 0.013 0.016
(0.007) (0.007) (0.007) (0.022) (0.021) (0.020) (0.007) (0.007) (0.007) (0.017) (0.015) (0.015)

Personality stereotypes

Adaptable (+) −0.008 −0.012 −0.008 0.007 −0.005 −0.002 −0.003 0.002 0.005 0.008 −0.006 −0.019
(0.007) (0.008) (0.008) (0.023) (0.023) (0.024) (0.007) (0.007) (0.008) (0.017) (0.018) (0.019)
Careful (−) −0.001 −0.001 −0.003 0.048* 0.034 0.026 −0.001 0.003 0.004 −0.006 −0.025 −0.034 *
(0.007) (0.007) (0.007) (0.022) (0.023) (0.023) (0.007) (0.007) (0.007) (0.018) (0.017) (0.017)
Creative (+) 0.008 0.011 0.012 −0.027 −0.029 −0.015 −0.002 0.003 0.010 0.026 0.013 0.015
(0.007) (0.007) (0.007) (0.026) (0.026) (0.025) (0.007) (0.008) (0.008) (0.016) (0.017) (0.016)
Dependable (−) 0.011 0.007 0.010 −0.005 −0.001 0.023 −0.014 −0.016 * −0.003 −0.011 0.006 0.012
(0.007) (0.007) (0.007) (0.019) (0.019) (0.020) (0.007) (0.007) (0.007) (0.015) (0.014) (0.014)
Personality (+/−) 0.006 0.007 0.007 0.012 0.003 0.016 0.012 0.004 0.003 −0.035 * −0.039 ** −0.033 *
(0.007) (0.006) (0.006) (0.020) (0.022) (0.021) (0.006) (0.006) (0.006) (0.015) (0.015) (0.014)

Skills stereotypes

Ability to Learn (+) 0.014 0.008 0.012 0.028 0.014 0.028 −0.002 0.005 0.006 0.020 0.015 0.020
(0.008) (0.008) (0.008) (0.025) (0.025) (0.023) (0.009) (0.008) (0.008) (0.020) (0.019) (0.018)
Comm Skills (+/−) −0.015 −0.013 −0.019 * −0.008 −0.012 −0.045 0.002 0.001 −0.007 0.005 0.007 −0.002
(0.008) (0.008) (0.008) (0.030) (0.029) (0.025) (0.008) (0.008) (0.008) (0.020) (0.019) (0.019)
Experienced (−) 0.001 −0.000 −0.001 0.008 0.005 0.002 −0.003 0.002 0.005 −0.010 0.000 −0.007
(0.005) (0.005) (0.005) (0.014) (0.015) (0.015) (0.005) (0.005) (0.005) (0.009) (0.009) (0.010)
Productive (+/−) −0.002 0.002 0.002 −0.004 0.010 −0.020 0.006 0.006 −0.004 0.012 0.007 0.024
(0.007) (0.007) (0.008) (0.019) (0.020) (0.022) (0.007) (0.008) (0.008) (0.015) (0.015) (0.017)
Technology (+) 0.009 0.009 0.007 −0.019 −0.018 0.001 0.008 0.005 0.003 −0.030 * −0.020 −0.015
(0.006) (0.006) (0.006) (0.017) (0.019) (0.019) (0.006) (0.006) (0.006) (0.014) (0.014) (0.014)

N 6,822 6,822 6,821 986 986 986 7,321 7,321 7,320 1,856 1,856 1,856

Note: See notes to Table 4.

*

indicates that the estimate is statistically significant at the 5% level.

**

indicates that the estimate is statistically significant at the 1% level.