. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Labor Econ. 2022 May 20;40(3):613–667. doi: 10.1086/717730

Appendix Table B1B:

Varying the Number of Words in Phrases, Men, Effects on Discrimination Against Older Applicants

	Middle-Janitor			Middle-Sales			Middle-Security			Old-Janitor			Old-Sales			Old-Security
# words in phrase	2	3	4	2	3	4	2	3	4	2	3	4	2	3	4	2	3	4

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)	(12)	(13)	(14)	(15)	(16)	(17)	(18)

Health stereotypes

Attractive (+)	−0.002	0.017	−0.007	−0.016	−0.017	−0.025	0.015	0.019	0.015	−0.021	0.018	0.032	−0.037 ^**	−0.026	−0.007	−0.019	−0.029	−0.020
	(0.019)	(0.022)	(0.024)	(0.017)	(0.017)	(0.017)	(0.012)	(0.012)	(0.014)	(0.035)	(0.034)	(0.037)	(0.013)	(0.014)	(0.013)	(0.018)	(0.020)	(0.021)
Hearing (+)	−0.013	−0.007	−0.004	−0.012	−0.010	−0.020 ^*	0.018 ^*	0.020 ^*	0.022 ^*	−0.012	−0.010	−0.013	0.000	0.000	−0.003	0.025 ^*	0.012	0.003
	(0.013)	(0.016)	(0.014)	(0.011)	(0.010)	(0.010)	(0.009)	(0.010)	(0.009)	(0.024)	(0.023)	(0.020)	(0.010)	(0.009)	(0.009)	(0.013)	(0.014)	(0.015)
Memory (+)	−0.011	−0.019	−0.025	0.024	0.030 ^*	0.033 ^**	0.009	0.012	0.004	−0.006	0.006	−0.016	−0.006	0.006	0.012	−0.008	0.006	0.020
	(0.017)	(0.019)	(0.022)	(0.012)	(0.012)	(0.012)	(0.009)	(0.010)	(0.010)	(0.030)	(0.028)	(0.031)	(0.014)	(0.013)	(0.013)	(0.017)	(0.017)	(0.016)
Physical Ability (+)	0.041 ^*	0.038 ^*	0.025	0.017	0.032 ^*	0.028	0.023^*	0.022	0.011	0.013	0.002	−0.012	0.005	0.026	0.006	0.001	−0.002	−0.014
	(0.017)	(0.018)	(0.020)	(0.016)	(0.015)	(0.016)	(0.011)	(0.012)	(0.012)	(0.024)	(0.027)	(0.030)	(0.015)	(0.015)	(0.014)	(0.015)	(0.015)	(0.017)

Personality stereotypes

Adaptable (+)	0.011	−0.000	0.010	0.030	0.032	0.033	−0.024	−0.021	−0.013	0.008	−0.001	−0.023	0.010	0.031 ^*	0.023	0.006	0.015	0.005
	(0.017)	(0.020)	(0.023)	(0.016)	(0.020)	(0.018)	(0.012)	(0.011)	(0.016)	(0.036)	(0.037)	(0.039)	(0.014)	(0.016)	(0.016)	(0.016)	(0.018)	(0.020)
Careful (−)	−0.051 ^**	−0.042 ^*	−0.031	−0.026	−0.035 ^*	−0.033	−0.010	−0.016	−0.007	−0.028	−0.014	0.015	−0.016	−0.031 ^*	−0.007	−0.012	−0.001	0.011
	(0.019)	(0.020)	(0.019)	(0.017)	(0.015)	(0.018)	(0.012)	(0.013)	(0.014)	(0.030)	(0.029)	(0.030)	(0.015)	(0.015)	(0.015)	(0.016)	(0.018)	(0.019)
Creative (+)	0.017	0.015	0.017	−0.023	−0.018	−0.027	−0.018	−0.026 ^*	−0.030 ^*	0.030	0.035	0.018	−0.008	−0.008	−0.013	0.014	0.011	−0.005
	(0.015)	(0.023)	(0.025)	(0.017)	(0.016)	(0.017)	(0.012)	(0.013)	(0.013)	(0.030)	(0.036)	(0.039)	(0.014)	(0.014)	(0.015)	(0.020)	(0.023)	(0.019)
Dependable (−)	0.038 ^**	0.020	0.011	0.010	0.011	0.006	−0.001	0.004	0.003	0.051 ^*	0.016	0.015	0.007	−0.001	−0.011	0.032 ^*	0.006	0.006
	(0.014)	(0.016)	(0.017)	(0.015)	(0.015)	(0.015)	(0.010)	(0.009)	(0.008)	(0.025)	(0.024)	(0.024)	(0.012)	(0.014)	(0.013)	(0.016)	(0.014)	(0.014)
Personality (+/−)	0.012	0.019	0.027	0.019	0.021	0.027^*	−0.011	−0.014	−0.001	0.050	0.035	0.048	0.003	−0.002	−0.007	−0.024	−0.014	−0.008
	(0.014)	(0.017)	(0.021)	(0.014)	(0.014)	(0.014)	(0.012)	(0.012)	(0.014)	(0.032)	(0.033)	(0.036)	(0.011)	(0.012)	(0.011)	(0.017)	(0.020)	(0.019)

Skills stereotypes

Ability to Learn (+)	0.007	0.004	−0.007	−0.022	−0.045 ^*	−0.047 ^**	−0.018	−0.009	−0.010	0.025	0.027	0.028	0.004	−0.022	−0.021	0.015	−0.001	−0.014
	(0.019)	(0.025)	(0.030)	(0.018)	(0.018)	(0.017)	(0.017)	(0.015)	(0.015)	(0.032)	(0.036)	(0.040)	(0.016)	(0.017)	(0.017)	(0.023)	(0.023)	(0.021)
Comm Skills (+/−)	0.003	0.002	0.010	−0.021	0.003	0.007	0.020	0.010	0.007	−0.067	−0.068	−0.044	0.001	0.015	0.012	0.011	0.004	0.015
	(0.027)	(0.033)	(0.040)	(0.020)	(0.020)	(0.020)	(0.016)	(0.015)	(0.016)	(0.047)	(0.053)	(0.059)	(0.018)	(0.019)	(0.017)	(0.023)	(0.027)	(0.025)
Experienced (−)	0.021 ^**	0.033 ^**	0.029 ^*	0.013	0.014	0.011	−0.010	−0.012	−0.011	0.031 ^*	0.042 ^*	0.042 ^*	−0.017	−0.007	−0.003	0.008	0.003	−0.003
	(0.008)	(0.012)	(0.013)	(0.010)	(0.010)	(0.010)	(0.008)	(0.008)	(0.009)	(0.015)	(0.019)	(0.019)	(0.009)	(0.008)	(0.008)	(0.010)	(0.011)	(0.013)
Productive (+/−)	−0.040 ^*	−0.049 ^*	−0.022	−0.010	−0.022	−0.009	0.013	0.014	0.008	−0.024	−0.036	−0.047	0.015	−0.002	−0.001	−0.023	0.005	0.009
	(0.018)	(0.021)	(0.021)	(0.015)	(0.016)	(0.017)	(0.013)	(0.013)	(0.014)	(0.032)	(0.037)	(0.036)	(0.013)	(0.012)	(0.013)	(0.020)	(0.020)	(0.019)
Technology (+)	−0.004	0.011	−0.004	0.009	0.004	−0.007	0.016	0.021 ^*	0.022 ^*	0.028	0.034	0.042	−0.004	−0.009	−0.009	−0.005	−0.007	−0.015
	(0.014)	(0.014)	(0.018)	(0.012)	(0.012)	(0.013)	(0.010)	(0.009)	(0.010)	(0.025)	(0.026)	(0.027)	(0.012)	(0.013)	(0.012)	(0.017)	(0.016)	(0.017)

N	311	311	311	1,612	1,612	1,610	954	954	953	318	318	318	1,680	1,680	1,680	932	932	931

Note: See notes to Table 4.

indicates that the estimate is statistically significant at the 5% level.

^**

indicates that the estimate is statistically significant at the 1% level.