Table 2.

Receptor binding specificities of the clade 2.3.4.4 A(H5) virus characterized by biophysical assays

Reference	Strain namec	Subtype	Method	Resultsb		Avian	Amino acid residue in H3 numbering
							101	128	137	158	160	193	196	224	226	227	228	318
							Amino acid substitutiona
							D	S	S	N	T	N	Q	N	Q	S	G	T
				SA‐a2,6Gal	SA‐a2,3Gal	Human	N	P	A	D	A	K	R/H	K	L	N/R	S/A	I
Li et al. 124	A/duck/Eastern China/1111/2011	H5N2	Solid phase binding assay	○	○		N	P	A		A		K			R
	A/goose/Eastern China/1112/2011			○	○		N	P	A		A		K			R
Kaplan et al. 88	A/Northern pintail/Washington/40964/2014			×	○		T	P	A		A		K
Yang et al. 136			Glycanarray	×	○		T	P	A		A		K
Kwon et al. 84	A/environment/Korea/W541/2016	H5N6	Solid phase binding assay	×	○		N	P	A		A		K			Q
Sun et al. 94	A/duck/Anhui/S4/2016			○	○ d		N	P	A		A		K			R
	A/goose/Yangzhou/YZ587/2016			○	○ d		N	P	A		A		K			R
	A/Chicken/Guangdong/GD1602/2016			○	○ d		N	P	A		A		K
	A/Chicken/Xuzhou/XZ6/2016			○	○ d		N	P	A		A		K			R
Liu et al. 137	A/chicken/Anhui/MZ33/2016			○	○		N	P	A		A		K
	A/ chicken/Anhui/MZ34/2016			○	○		N	P	A		A		K
	A/chicken/Henan/YB0597/2016			○	○		N	P	A		A		K
Herfst et al. 86	A/Guangzhou/39715/2014		Sialidase‐treated HA assay	×	○		N	P	A				K
Hui et al. 123				×	○
Yang et al. 136	A/Sichuan/26221/2014		Glycanarray	×	○		N	T	A		A		K			R
Li et al. 124	A/duck/Jiangsu/k1203/2010	H5N8	Solid phase binding assay	○	○		S	P	A		A		K			R
Kwon et al. 84	A/Common teal/Korea/W555/2017			×	○		S	P	A		A		K			Q
Kaplan et al. 88	A/mallard/Korea/W452/2014			×	○		T	P	A		A		K			R
	A/chicken/Kumamoto/1–7/2014			×	○		T	P	A		A		K			R
	A/duck/England/36254/2014			×	○		T	P	A		A		K			R
	A/gyrfalcon/Washington/41088–6/2014			×	○		T	P	A		A		K
Yang et al. 136			Glycanarray	×	○
Li et al. 124	A/duck/Shandong/Q1/2013		Solid phase binding assay	○	○		S	P	A		A		K			R
Fan et al. 87	A/mallard duck/Shanghai/SH‐9/2013			×	○		S	L	A		A		K			R
Wang et al. 93	A/goose/Eastern China/CZ/2013		Sialidase‐treated HA assay	○	○		S	L	A		A		K			R
	A/duck/Eastern China/JY/2014			○	○		S	P	A		A		K			R

^a Dots represent amino acid residues that are conserved among avian species.

^b ○ denotes the virus tested bound to SA‐a2,3Gal or SA‐a2,6Gal; × denotes the virus tested did not bind to SA‐a2,3Gal or SA‐a2,6Gal.

^c Font styles represent genetic groups to which the viruses tested belong; italic underline, A/Sichuan/26221/2014 group; bold, A/gyrfalcon/Washington/41088‐6/2014 group; italic, A/Hubei/29578/2016 group; underline, A/Fujian‐Sanyuan/21099/2017 group.

^d The virus tested showed the dual specificity both to SA‐a2,3Gal and SA‐a2,6Gal with stronger affinity to SA‐a2,3Gal than SA‐a2,6Gal.