. 2022 Feb 7;34(4):e13096. doi: 10.1111/jne.13096

TABLE 2.

Baseline biomarker levels

Biomarker	Overall population	Patients with levels >2 × ULN
Urinary 5‐HIAA (μmol/day) Median (95% CI) [n] × ULN [n]	124.0 (92.6; 222.6) [43] 3.1 (2.3; 5.6) [43]	196.9 (124.0; 603.6) [31] 4.9 (3.1; 15.1) [31]
Plasma 5‐HIAA (ng/ml) Median (95% CI) [n] × ULN [n]	436.0 (286.0; 627.0) [48] 6.2 (4.1; 9.0) [48]	462.0 (365.0; 1020.0) [40] 6.6 (5.2; 14.6) [40]
CgA (μg/L) Median (95% CI) [n] × ULN [n]	583.1 (450.8; 808.5) [49] 4.0 (3.1; 5.5) [49]	798.7 (583.1; 1455.3) [37] 5.4 (4.0; 9.9) [37]
NKA (pg/ml) Median (95% CI) [n] × ULN [n]	32.0 (24.0; 43.0) [48] 1.6 (1.2; 2.2) [48]	73.0 (54.0; 223.0) [19] 3.7 (2.7; 11.2) [19]

Biomarker

Overall population

Patients with levels >2 × ULN

Urinary 5‐HIAA (μmol/day)

Median (95% CI) [n] × ULN [n]

124.0 (92.6; 222.6) [43]

3.1 (2.3; 5.6) [43]

196.9 (124.0; 603.6) [31]

4.9 (3.1; 15.1) [31]

Plasma 5‐HIAA (ng/ml)

Median (95% CI) [n] × ULN [n]

436.0 (286.0; 627.0) [48]

6.2 (4.1; 9.0) [48]

462.0 (365.0; 1020.0) [40]

6.6 (5.2; 14.6) [40]

CgA (μg/L)

Median (95% CI) [n] × ULN [n]

583.1 (450.8; 808.5) [49]

4.0 (3.1; 5.5) [49]

798.7 (583.1; 1455.3) [37]

5.4 (4.0; 9.9) [37]

NKA (pg/ml)

Median (95% CI) [n] × ULN [n]

32.0 (24.0; 43.0) [48]

1.6 (1.2; 2.2) [48]

73.0 (54.0; 223.0) [19]

3.7 (2.7; 11.2) [19]

Abbreviations: 5‐HIAA, 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid; CgA, chromogranin A; CI, confidence interval; NKA, neurokinin A; ULN, upper limit of normal.