TABLE 2.
Summary of characteristics of randomized controlled trials assessing the association between nut intake and measures of adiposity (continued on next page)
| Trial characteristic a | ||
|---|---|---|
| Number trials (unique reports: comparisons) | 86:114 | |
| Trial size (range) | 49 (9 to 317) | |
| Study design (C:P) (%) b | 37:63 | |
| Setting (IP:OP:NR) (%) | 0:99:1 | |
| Follow‐up duration (weeks) (range) | 8 (3 to 104) | |
| Male:Female (%) c | 41:59 | |
| Age (years) d | 50 (18 to 69.3) | |
| Baseline body weight (kg) e | 81.0 (49.7 to 111.2) | |
| Baseline BMI (kg/m2) f | 29.2 (19.9 to 38.4) | |
| Health status (frequency) | ||
| Dyslipidemia | 13 | |
| Healthy | 26 | |
| Overweight/obese | 34 | |
| Diabetes | 23 | |
| Metabolic syndrome | 13 | |
| Coronary heart disease | 2 | |
| Multiple | 4 | |
| Country (frequency) | ||
| Australia | 8 | |
| Brazil | 5 | |
| Canada | 4 | |
| China | 4 | |
| France | 1 | |
| Germany | 1 | |
| India | 3 | |
| Iran | 4 | |
| Israel | 1 | |
| Italy | 5 | |
| Japan | 2 | |
| Korea | 4 | |
| Multiple countries | 1 | |
| New Zealand | 6 | |
| Pakistan | 2 | |
| South Africa | 2 | |
| Spain | 7 | |
| Sweden | 1 | |
| Taiwan | 1 | |
| Turkey | 1 | |
| United States | 50 | |
| Not reported | 1 | |
| Trial characteristic a | ||
| Nut type (frequency) | ||
| Almonds | 33 | |
| Brazil nut | 1 | |
| Cashew nut | 4 | |
| Hazelnut | 6 | |
| Macadamia | 3 | |
| Mixed nuts | 10 | |
| Nuts, undefined | 3 | |
| Peanuts | 6 | |
| Pecans | 3 | |
| Pistachios | 13 | |
| Walnuts | 32 | |
| Nut dose (g/day) (range) | 45.5 (5 to 100) | |
| Intervention type (frequency) | ||
| Metabolically controlled | 16 | |
| Controlled feeding | 2 | |
| Supplemented | 88 | |
| Dietary advice | 5 | |
| Not reported | 3 | |
| Energy balance (frequency) | ||
| Negative | 15 | |
| Neutral | 80 | |
| Positive | 8 | |
| Not reported | 11 | |
| Comparator (frequency) | ||
| Carbohydrate | 28 | |
| Fat | 20 | |
| Protein | 4 | |
| Mixed macronutrient | 43 | |
| No nuts | 19 | |
| Designed for weight maintenance (frequency) | ||
| Yes | 34 | |
| No | 73 | |
| Not reported | 7 | |
| Funding source (%) | ||
| Agency | 18.4 | |
| Agency‐industry | 29.0 | |
| Industry | 39.5 | |
| None reported | 13.2 | |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; C, crossover; IP, inpatient; N, number; NR, not reported; OP, outpatient; P, parallel.
a
Median, based on the 114 trial comparisons, unless otherwise indicated.
b
Based on the 86 trial reports. This value did not significantly differ from trial comparisons (34:66).
c
111/114 trial comparisons provided data on sex.
d
108/114 trial comparisons provided data on baseline age.
e
98/114 trial comparisons provided data on baseline body weight.
f
101/114 trial comparisons provided data on baseline BMI.