TABLE 1.
Characteristics table separated for depression and anxiety groups in a (previously confirmed) IBS population (n = 192), including n = 111 subjects who still fulfilled the Rome III criteria for IBS at follow‐up. Depression and anxiety were characterized based on recommended cutoffs in literature
|
Total population n = 192 a |
PHQ−9 cutoff ≥10 | GAD−7 cutoff ≥10 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
No depression n = 150 |
Depression n = 42 |
p‐value |
No anxiety n = 165 |
Anxiety n = 27 |
p‐value | ||
| Female gender, n (%) | 144 (75.0) | 115 (76.7) | 29 (69.0) | 0.313 | 127 (77.0) | 17 (63.0) | 0.119 |
| Age, median (IQR) | 53.0 (36–65) | 53.5 (38–65) | 49.5 (34–62) | 0.346 | 53.0 (39–65) | 48.0 (34–62) | 0.327 |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 24.9 (21.8–28.4) | 24.6 (21.8–28.0) | 27.0 (21.8–30.7) | 0.110 | 25.1 (21.8–28.4) | 24.2 (21.5–29.2) | 0.932 |
| Fulfilled Rome III criteria, n (%) | |||||||
| Yes | 111 | 83 (66.4) | 28 (80.0) | 0.123 | 92 (67.2) | 19 (82.6) | 0.137 |
| No | 49 | 42 (33.6) | 7 (20.0) | 45 (32.8) | 4 (17.4) | ||
| IBS subtype, n (%) | |||||||
| No IBS | 49 (25.5) | 42 (28.0) | 7 (16.7) | 0.452 | 45 (27.3) | 4 (14.8) | 0.613 |
| IBS‐D | 51 (26.6) | 40 (26.7) | 11 (26.2) | 43 (26.1) | 8 (29.6) | ||
| IBS‐C | 24 (12.5) | 17 (11.3) | 7 (16.7) | 19 (11.5) | 5 (18.5) | ||
| IBS‐M | 22 (11.5) | 15 (10.0) | 7 (16.7) | 18 (10.9) | 4 (14.8) | ||
| IBS‐U | 14 (7.3) | 11 (7.3) | 3 (7.1) | 12 (7.2) | 2 (7.4) | ||
| Healthcare setting, n (%) | |||||||
| General practitioner | 59 (30.7) | 50 (33.3) | 9 (21.4) | 0.221 | 52 (31.5) | 7 (25.9) | 0.791 |
| Secondary/tertiary care | 127 (66.1) | 96 (64.0) | 31 (73.8) | 108 (65.5) | 19 (70.4) | ||
| Other | 6 (3.1) | 4 (2.7) | 2 (4.8) | 5 (3.0) | 1 (3.7) | ||
| Educational attainment, n (%) | |||||||
| Lower education | 67 (34.9) | 51 (34.0) | 16 (38.1) | 0.035 * | 55 (33.3) | 12 (44.4) | 0.339 |
| Intermediate education | 68 (35.4) | 48 (32.0) | 20 (47.6) | 58 (35.2) | 10 (37.0) | ||
| Tertiary education | 57 (29.7) | 51 (34.0) | 6 (14.3) | 52 (31.5) | 5 (18.5) | ||
| GSRS, median (IQR) | |||||||
| Abdominal pain | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 2.8 (2.0–4.0) | 3.7 (3.0–5.0) | <0.001 * | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 3.7 (3.0–5.0) | 0.004 * |
| Reflux syndrome | 1.5 (1.0–3.0) | 1.5 (1.0–2.6) | 2.5 (1.0–4.0) | 0.006 * | 1.5 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–4.0) | 0.307 |
| Diarrhea syndrome | 2.7 (1.7–4.0) | 2.7 (1.3–4.0) | 3.7 (1.9–5.3) | 0.017 * | 2.7 (1.7–4.0) | 2.3 (1.3–5.3) | 0.766 |
| Indigestion syndrome | 3.8 (2.8–4.5) | 3.5 (2.5–4.3) | 4.0 (3.4–4.6) | 0.023 * | 3.5 (2.5–4.3) | 4.0 (3.5–4.8) | 0.020 * |
| Constipation syndrome | 2.7 (2.0–3.7) | 2.7 (1.7–3.4) | 3.3 (2.6–5.0) | 0.003 * | 2.7 (1.7–3.7) | 3.3 (2.0–4.3) | 0.147 |
| Quality of life, median (IQR) | |||||||
| PCS | 45.6 (34.5–50.4) | 46.1 (36.7–51.0) | 41.0 (30.6–47.9) | 0.006 * | 45.3 (33.1–50.4) | 47.9 (42.3–50.0) | 0.278 |
| MCS | 52.0 (42.3–56.6) | 54.7 (47.5–57.3) | 34.5 (28.3–43.0) | <0.001 * | 53.7 (46.1–57.1) | 29.1 (23.5–37.0) | <0.001 * |
Not normally distributed continuous variables were analyzed with Mann‐Whitney U test and reported as median and interquartile ranges. Dichotomous/categorical variables were analyzed with the Chi‐square test and reported as frequencies.
Abbreviations: BMI, Body Mass Index (kg m−2); GSRS, Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale; IBS, Irritable Bowel Syndrome; IQR, interquartile range; MCS, Mental Composite Score; n, number of patients; PCS, Physical Composite Score.
Numbers may not add up to total due to missing.
p‐value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Difference between groups (no depression vs. depression, no anxiety vs. anxiety) were tested.