Table 1:
Study Sample Characteristics (n=451)
| Sociodemographic Information, N (%) | |
|---|---|
| Mother | |
| Mean Maternal Age (years) (median, interquartile range) | 28.6 (28.0, 23.7–33.0) |
| Maternal Education Less than High School | 158 (35.0%) |
| Married or Living as Married | 324 (71.8%) |
| Birth Country | |
| United States | 83 (18.4%) |
| Mexico | 227 (50.3%) |
| Ecuador | 73 (16.2%) |
| Dominican Republic | 21 (4.7%) |
| Central America (Guatemala, Colombia, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Costa Rica) | 37 (8.2%) |
| South America (Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Venezuela) | 10 (2.2%) |
| Depressive Symptoms | 143 (31.8%) |
| On WIC | 396 (87.8%) |
| Child | |
| First Child | 159 (35.3%) |
| Female | 227 (50.3%) |
| Study Variables Across 2 Timepoints, N (%) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Material Hardships | Prenatal | Early Toddler 1 |
| Financial Difficulties | 120 (26.6%) | 102 (26.4%) |
| Housing Disrepair | 156 (34.6%) | 131 (33.9%) |
| Food Insecurity | 143 (31.7%) | 65 (16.8%) |
| Multiple Hardships (2+) | 116 (25.7%) | 80 (20.7%) |
| Sleep Duration | Infant | Toddler |
| Mean 24 Hour Sleep (median, IQR) | 14.1 (14.0, 12.0–16.0) | 11.8 (12.0, 11.0–12.5) |
| Mean Night Sleep (median, IQR) | 9.2 (9.0, 8.0–10.5) | 10.7 (11.0, 10.0–12.0) |
| Suboptimal Sleep Practices | Infant | Toddler |
| Awakenings (>1 overnight) | 231 (51.3%) | 24 (6.5%) |
| Sleep Onset (9PM or after) | 372 (83.4%) | 212 (56.8%) |
| Sleep Arrangements (co-sleeping) | 35 (7.8%) | 100 (27.3%) |
| Sleep Location2 | 69 (15.3%)2 | 307 (83.7%) |
| Sleep as a Problem | 69 (15.3%) | 61 (16.4%) |
| TV in Room | 340 (75.4%) | 261 (70.9%) |
| No Regular Bedtime | 159 (35.3%) | 73 (19.8%) |
| No Regular Bedtime Routine3 | - | 117 (31.5%) |
1
Material hardships data available for 386 toddlers.
2
In infants, suboptimal sleep practice for sleep location is to sleep separately from parents. In toddlers, suboptimal sleep practice is to room in with parents.
3
Regular bedtime routine information not available for infants.