Table 1.

Study and patient characteristics

Author, year	Country	Study design	Study population	Agea	Gender; % female	Time since diagnosis/treatment	Cancer treatmenta
Boyes et al. (2009)	Australia	Cross‐sectional	N = 863 Breast 29% Melanoma 15% Prostate 15%; Colorectal 13% Other 28%	Median 63 years Range 26−76 years	55%	Time since diagnosis: Range 5−6 years Mean 5.5 years; SD 3.0 months	Surgery 85% Radiotherapy 45% Chemotherapy 25% Hormone therapy 24%
Brunault (2013)	France	Prospective cohort	N = 120 Breast 100%	Mean 58.3 years SD 8.2 years	100%	Time since the end of treatment: Mean 8.1 years; SD 1.3 year Range 6.1–11.0 years	Surgery 100% Concurrent chemo/radiotherapy 51% Sequential chemo/radiotherapy 49% Hormonal therapy 46%
Chambers (2012)	Australia	Prospective cohort	N = 742 Colon 60% Rectal 31% Other 9%	20−49 years 7.0% 50−59 years 20.2% 60−69 years 36.4% 70−80 years 36.4%	46%	Time since diagnosis: 60 months	NR
Chen et al. (2013)	USA	Prospective cohort	N = 54 Head and neck 100%	T0 (N = 211) Median 57 years Range 21−93 years	42%	Time since completion of radiotherapy: 5 years	T0 (N = 211) Definitive radiotherapy 55% Post‐operative radiotherapy 45% Concurrent chemotherapy 42%
Chongpison (2016)	USA	Cross‐sectional	N = 576 Rectal 100%	Mean 72.8 years SD 10.9 years	41%	Time since diagnosis: Median 11.7 years Minimum 5 years Mean 13.0 years; SD 6.2 years	Anastomosis 57% Permanent ostomy 32% Temporary ostomy followed by anastomosis 11%
Crespi et al. (2008)	USA	Prospective cohort	N = 2,280 Breast 100%	Mean 66.3 years SD 10.1 years Range 34−89 years	100%	Time since diagnosis: Mean 7.4 years; SD 0.9 year Range 5.3–9.9 years	Conserving surgery 52% Mastectomy 48% Chemotherapy 57% Tamoxifen/aromatase inhibitor current 29% Tamoxifen/aromatase inhibitor past 50%
Dahl et al. (2005)	Norway	Cross‐sectional	N = 1,438 Seminoma testicular 50% Non‐seminoma testicular 50%	Mean 44.6 years SD 10.2 years	0%	Time since diagnosis: Mean 11.3 years; SD 4.2 years Range 5−21 years	Surveillance 8% Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection 11% Radiotherapy 43% Chemotherapy 39%
Funk et al. (2012)	USA	Prospective cohort	N = 337 Oral cavity 37.7% Oropharynx 22.3% Hypopharynx 7% Larynx 21.7% Other 16.3%	Median 57 years	NR	NR Inclusion: survived at least 5 years	Surgery only 39% Radiotherapy only 13% Surgery and radiotherapy 37% (= with or without chemo) Radiation and chemotherapy 11% Unknown 1%
Goo et al. (2016)	Korea	Cross‐sectional	N = 702 Stomach 61% Lung 15% Breast 6% Colorectal 6% Thyroid 4% Other 9%	Non‐depressive group: Mean 62.0 years; SD 10.4 years Depressive group: Mean 60.5 years; SD 11.4 years	44%	Time since treatment: Non‐depressive group: Mean 8.1 years; SD 3.2 years Depressive group: Mean 8.0 years; SD 2.2 years	Surgery 98% Chemotherapy 36% Radiotherapy 25%
Greenwald and McCorkle (2008)	USA	Cross‐sectional	N = 179 Cervical 100%	Mean 51.7 years; SD 8.7 years Mean age at diagnosis 37.8 years	100%	NR Minimum 6 years	Surgery 89% Hysterectomy 75% Ovary removal 35% Radiotherapy 21% Hormonal therapy 43%
Harrison et al. (2011)	UK	Cross‐sectional	N = 659 Breast 39.2% Colorectal 31.1% Prostate 29.7%	Mean 71.6 years; SD 9.9 years Range 42−92 years	54%	NR At least 5 years from diagnosis	Surgery 77% Radiotherapy 48% Chemotherapy 21% Hormonal therapy 35% Other treatments 3%
Henningsohn (2003)	Sweden	Cross‐sectional	N = 350 Bladder 100%	Men: Mean 71.0 years SEM 0.5 years Median 72 years Women: Mean 71.1 years SEM 1.2 years Median 74 years	NR	NR Results stratified for years after surgery (2−5 years/6−10 years/>11 years)	Surgery 100%
Hoffman et al. (2011)	USA	Cross‐sectional	N = 4,636 Female genital organs 25.2% Breast 22.9% Prostate/testes 13.9% Colorectal 9.6% Head/neck/lung 4.6% Leukaemia/lymphoma 5.9% Melanoma 9.6% Bladder/kidney 5.6% Other 14.2%	Median 66 years	65%	Time since diagnosis: Median 12 years	NR
Johansson et al. (2014)	Sweden/ Finland	Prospective cohort	N = 394 Prostate 100%	Median 77.0 years Range 61−88y	0%	Time since diagnosis: Median 12.2 years Range 7−17 years	Radical prostatectomy 50% Watchful waiting 50%
McCorkle et al. (2013)	USA	Cross‐sectional	N = 208 Cervical 100%	Median 54 years Range 29−92 years Mean 55.2 years SD 11.9 years	100%	Time since diagnosis: Mean 13.9 years Median 13 years	Surgery 86% Radiotherapy 30%
Pedersen et al. (2019)	Denmark	Cross‐sectional	N = 316 Testicular 100%	Mean 47.6 years SD 10.9 years	0%	Time since diagnosis: Mean 12.0 years SD 3.0 years	Orchidectomy 100% Chemotherapy 29%
Reyes‐Gibby et al. (2012)	USA	Cross‐sectional	N = 240 Breast 100%	Mean 58 years SD 16 years	100%	Time since treatment: Range 6−13 years Mean 7.9 years Median 8 years	Modified radical mastectomy 51% Segmental 27% Segmental sentinel biopsy 14% Total mastectomy 11% Radiotherapy 60%
Schootman et al. (2010)	USA	Cross‐sectional	N = 2,762 Bladder 2.2% Breast 21.1% Cervix 10.8% Colorectal 7.2% Lung 1.9% Lymphoma 2.8% Melanoma 7.1% Ovarian 3.4% Prostate 12.2% Thyroid 2.4% Uterus 7.0% Other 21.8%	NR White race (N = 2,380; 86%) 18−39y 9.6% 40−64 years 40.4% 65−84 years 43.8% 85+ years 6.2%	64%	Time since diagnosis: Mean 15.8 years 95% CI 15.2–16.3	NR
Sharpley et al. (2017)	Australia/New Zealand	Cross‐sectional	N = 146 Prostate 100%	Mean 77.0 years SD 6.8 years Range 57−92 years	0%	Time since treatment: 10 years	Hormonal therapy and radiotherapy 100%
Vogel et al. (2017)	USA	Cross‐sectional	N = 724 Melanoma 100%	Range 30−72 years 30−39 6.8% 40−49 16.2% 50−59 36.3% 60−72 40.8%	60%	Time since diagnosis: Mean 9.6 years SD 1.0 year	Surgery only 86% Lymph node dissection 35%

Abbreviations: N, number; NR, not reported; SD, standard deviation; SEM, standard error of the mean.

^aAge/cancer treatment at time of measurement of prevalence of depression, anxiety and/or distress, unless stated otherwise.